Avibase - Bird Checklists of the World
Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge
This checklist includes all bird species found in Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge , based on the best information available at this time. It is based on a wide variety of sources that I collated over many years. I am pleased to offer these checklists as a service to birdwatchers. If you find any error, please do not hesitate to .
The taxonomic order and nomenclature follows Howard and Moore 4th edition (incl. corrigenda vol.1-2). If you prefer to view the list based on a different authority, click on one of the list available below. Globally threatened species (status in red) were identified by Birdlife International in Birdlife Data Zone (species).
Bird Checklists of the World is part of Avibase and Bird links to the World, which are designed and maintained by Denis Lepage, and hosted by Birds Canada, which is a co-partner of Birdlife International.
© Denis Lepage 2025
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Country or region: Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge [map]
Number of introduced species: 5
Last modified: 2024-12-25
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| Ruddy Duck | Oxyura jamaicensis | |
| Trumpeter Swan | Cygnus buccinator | |
| Tundra Swan | Cygnus columbianus | |
| Brent Goose | Branta bernicla | Rare/Accidental |
| Cackling Goose | Branta hutchinsii | |
| Canada Goose | Branta canadensis | |
| Snow Goose | Anser caerulescens | |
| Ross's Goose | Anser rossii | |
| Greater White-fronted Goose | Anser albifrons | |
| Velvet Scoter | Melanitta fusca | |
| Bufflehead | Bucephala albeola | |
| Common Goldeneye | Bucephala clangula | |
| Barrow's Goldeneye | Bucephala islandica | Rare/Accidental |
| Hooded Merganser | Lophodytes cucullatus | |
| Goosander | Mergus merganser | |
| Red-breasted Merganser | Mergus serrator | |
| Harlequin Duck | Histrionicus histrionicus | Rare/Accidental |
| Canvasback | Aythya valisineria | |
| Redhead | Aythya americana | |
| Ring-necked Duck | Aythya collaris | |
| Greater Scaup | Aythya marila | |
| Lesser Scaup | Aythya affinis | |
| Northern Shoveler | Spatula clypeata | |
| Cinnamon Teal | Spatula cyanoptera | |
| Blue-winged Teal | Spatula discors | |
| Gadwall | Mareca strepera | |
| American Wigeon | Mareca americana | |
| Mallard | Anas platyrhynchos | |
| American Black Duck | Anas rubripes | |
| Northern Pintail | Anas acuta | |
| Common Teal | Anas crecca | |
| Wood Duck | Aix sponsa | |
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| Common Pheasant | Phasianus colchicus | Introduced species |
| Wild Turkey | Meleagris gallopavo | |
| Sharp-tailed Grouse | Tympanuchus phasianellus | |
| Grey Partridge | Perdix perdix | Introduced species |
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| Pied-billed Grebe | Podilymbus podiceps | |
| Western Grebe | Aechmophorus occidentalis | |
| Clark's Grebe | Aechmophorus clarkii | |
| Red-necked Grebe | Podiceps grisegena | |
| Slavonian Grebe | Podiceps auritus | Vulnerable |
| Black-necked Grebe | Podiceps nigricollis | |
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| Eurasian Collared Dove | Streptopelia decaocto | Introduced species |
| Mourning Dove | Zenaida macroura | |
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| Common Nighthawk | Chordeiles minor | |
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| Chimney Swift | Chaetura pelagica | Vulnerable |
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| Ruby-throated Hummingbird | Archilochus colubris | |
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| Black-billed Cuckoo | Coccyzus erythropthalmus | |
| Yellow-billed Cuckoo | Coccyzus americanus | |
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| Virginia Rail | Rallus limicola | |
| Sora | Porzana carolina | |
| Common Gallinule | Gallinula galeata | Rare/Accidental |
| American Coot | Fulica americana | |
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| Sandhill Crane | Antigone canadensis | |
| Whooping Crane | Grus americana | Endangered |
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| Great Northern Diver | Gavia immer | |
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| American White Pelican | Pelecanus erythrorhynchos | |
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| American Bittern | Botaurus lentiginosus | |
| Least Bittern | Ixobrychus exilis | |
| Black-crowned Night Heron | Nycticorax nycticorax | |
| Yellow-crowned Night Heron | Nyctanassa violacea | Rare/Accidental |
| Green Heron | Butorides virescens | |
| Cattle Egret | Bubulcus ibis | |
| Great Blue Heron | Ardea herodias | |
| Great Egret | Ardea alba | |
| Tricolored Heron | Egretta tricolor | |
| Little Blue Heron | Egretta caerulea | |
| Snowy Egret | Egretta thula | |
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| White Ibis | Eudocimus albus | Rare/Accidental |
| Glossy Ibis | Plegadis falcinellus | |
| White-faced Ibis | Plegadis chihi | |
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| Double-crested Cormorant | Phalacrocorax auritus | |
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| American Avocet | Recurvirostra americana | |
| Black-winged Stilt | Himantopus himantopus | |
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| Grey Plover | Pluvialis squatarola | Vulnerable |
| American Golden Plover | Pluvialis dominica | |
| Semipalmated Plover | Charadrius semipalmatus | |
| Killdeer | Charadrius vociferus | Near-threatened |
| Piping Plover | Charadrius melodus | Near-threatened |
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| Upland Sandpiper | Bartramia longicauda | |
| Whimbrel | Numenius phaeopus | Rare/Accidental |
| Long-billed Curlew | Numenius americanus | |
| Marbled Godwit | Limosa fedoa | Vulnerable |
| Hudsonian Godwit | Limosa haemastica | Vulnerable |
| Ruddy Turnstone | Arenaria interpres | Near-threatened |
| Stilt Sandpiper | Calidris himantopus | Near-threatened |
| Sanderling | Calidris alba | |
| Dunlin | Calidris alpina | Near-threatened |
| Baird's Sandpiper | Calidris bairdii | |
| Least Sandpiper | Calidris minutilla | Near-threatened |
| White-rumped Sandpiper | Calidris fuscicollis | Vulnerable |
| Buff-breasted Sandpiper | Calidris subruficollis | Vulnerable |
| Pectoral Sandpiper | Calidris melanotos | |
| Semipalmated Sandpiper | Calidris pusilla | Near-threatened |
| Short-billed Dowitcher | Limnodromus griseus | Vulnerable |
| Long-billed Dowitcher | Limnodromus scolopaceus | Near-threatened |
| Wilson's Snipe | Gallinago delicata | |
| Spotted Sandpiper | Actitis macularius | |
| Solitary Sandpiper | Tringa solitaria | |
| Willet | Tringa semipalmata | |
| Lesser Yellowlegs | Tringa flavipes | Vulnerable |
| Greater Yellowlegs | Tringa melanoleuca | Near-threatened |
| Wilson's Phalarope | Steganopus tricolor | |
| Red-necked Phalarope | Phalaropus lobatus | |
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| Pomarine Skua | Stercorarius pomarinus | Rare/Accidental |
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| Bonaparte's Gull | Chroicocephalus philadelphia | |
| Little Gull | Hydrocoloeus minutus | Rare/Accidental |
| Franklin's Gull | Leucophaeus pipixcan | |
| Ring-billed Gull | Larus delawarensis | |
| California Gull | Larus californicus | |
| Lesser Black-backed Gull | Larus fuscus | Rare/Accidental |
| American Herring Gull | Larus smithsonianus | |
| Glaucous Gull | Larus hyperboreus | |
| Caspian Tern | Hydroprogne caspia | |
| Black Tern | Chlidonias niger | |
| Common Tern | Sterna hirundo | |
| Forster's Tern | Sterna forsteri | |
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| Turkey Vulture | Cathartes aura | |
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| Osprey | Pandion haliaetus | |
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| Golden Eagle | Aquila chrysaetos | |
| Hen Harrier | Circus cyaneus | |
| Sharp-shinned Hawk | Accipiter striatus | |
| Cooper's Hawk | Accipiter cooperii | |
| Northern Goshawk | Accipiter gentilis | |
| Bald Eagle | Haliaeetus leucocephalus | |
| Broad-winged Hawk | Buteo platypterus | |
| Swainson's Hawk | Buteo swainsoni | |
| Red-tailed Hawk | Buteo jamaicensis | |
| Rough-legged Buzzard | Buteo lagopus | |
| Ferruginous Hawk | Buteo regalis | |
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| Burrowing Owl | Athene cunicularia | |
| Northern Long-eared Owl | Asio otus | |
| Short-eared Owl | Asio flammeus | |
| Eastern Screech Owl | Megascops asio | |
| Snowy Owl | Bubo scandiacus | Vulnerable |
| Great Horned Owl | Bubo virginianus | |
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| Northern Flicker | Colaptes auratus | |
| Yellow-bellied Sapsucker | Sphyrapicus varius | |
| Red-headed Woodpecker | Melanerpes erythrocephalus | |
| Red-bellied Woodpecker | Melanerpes carolinus | |
| Downy Woodpecker | Picoides pubescens | |
| Hairy Woodpecker | Picoides villosus | |
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| Belted Kingfisher | Megaceryle alcyon | |
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| American Kestrel | Falco sparverius | |
| Merlin | Falco columbarius | |
| Gyrfalcon | Falco rusticolus | |
| Prairie Falcon | Falco mexicanus | |
| Peregrine Falcon | Falco peregrinus | |
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| Western Kingbird | Tyrannus verticalis | |
| Eastern Kingbird | Tyrannus tyrannus | |
| Great Crested Flycatcher | Myiarchus crinitus | |
| Eastern Phoebe | Sayornis phoebe | |
| Say's Phoebe | Sayornis saya | |
| Yellow-bellied Flycatcher | Empidonax flaviventris | |
| Alder Flycatcher | Empidonax alnorum | |
| Willow Flycatcher | Empidonax traillii | |
| Least Flycatcher | Empidonax minimus | |
| Olive-sided Flycatcher | Contopus cooperi | Near-threatened |
| Eastern Wood Pewee | Contopus virens | |
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| Bell's Vireo | Vireo bellii | |
| Yellow-throated Vireo | Vireo flavifrons | |
| Warbling Vireo | Vireo gilvus | |
| Philadelphia Vireo | Vireo philadelphicus | |
| Red-eyed Vireo | Vireo olivaceus | |
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| Loggerhead Shrike | Lanius ludovicianus | Near-threatened |
| Northern Shrike | Lanius borealis | |
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| Black-billed Magpie | Pica hudsonia | |
| American Crow | Corvus brachyrhynchos | |
| Blue Jay | Cyanocitta cristata | |
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| House Sparrow | Passer domesticus | Introduced species |
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| American Pipit | Anthus rubescens | |
| Sprague's Pipit | Anthus spragueii | Vulnerable |
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| House Finch | Haemorhous mexicanus | |
| Purple Finch | Haemorhous purpureus | |
| Common Redpoll | Acanthis flammea | |
| Red Crossbill | Loxia curvirostra | |
| Pine Siskin | Spinus pinus | |
| American Goldfinch | Spinus tristis | |
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| Lapland Longspur | Calcarius lapponicus | |
| Chestnut-collared Longspur | Calcarius ornatus | Vulnerable |
| Snow Bunting | Plectrophenax nivalis | |
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| Chipping Sparrow | Spizella passerina | |
| Clay-colored Sparrow | Spizella pallida | |
| Field Sparrow | Spizella pusilla | |
| Lark Sparrow | Chondestes grammacus | |
| Lark Bunting | Calamospiza melanocorys | |
| Grasshopper Sparrow | Ammodramus savannarum | |
| Eastern Towhee | Pipilo erythrophthalmus | |
| Dark-eyed Junco | Junco hyemalis | |
| Harris's Sparrow | Zonotrichia querula | Near-threatened |
| White-throated Sparrow | Zonotrichia albicollis | |
| White-crowned Sparrow | Zonotrichia leucophrys | |
| Fox Sparrow | Passerella iliaca | |
| American Tree Sparrow | Passerella arborea | |
| Le Conte's Sparrow | Ammospiza leconteii | |
| Nelson's Sparrow | Ammospiza nelsoni | |
| Vesper Sparrow | Pooecetes gramineus | |
| Savannah Sparrow | Passerculus sandwichensis | |
| Baird's Sparrow | Centronyx bairdii | |
| Song Sparrow | Melospiza melodia | |
| Lincoln's Sparrow | Melospiza lincolnii | |
| Swamp Sparrow | Melospiza georgiana | |
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| Northern Waterthrush | Parkesia noveboracensis | |
| Black-and-white Warbler | Mniotilta varia | |
| Tennessee Warbler | Leiothlypis peregrina | |
| Orange-crowned Warbler | Leiothlypis celata | |
| Nashville Warbler | Leiothlypis ruficapilla | |
| Mourning Warbler | Geothlypis philadelphia | |
| Common Yellowthroat | Geothlypis trichas | |
| Hooded Warbler | Setophaga citrina | Rare/Accidental |
| American Redstart | Setophaga ruticilla | |
| Northern Parula | Setophaga americana | |
| Magnolia Warbler | Setophaga magnolia | |
| Yellow Warbler | Setophaga petechia | |
| Chestnut-sided Warbler | Setophaga pensylvanica | |
| Blackpoll Warbler | Setophaga striata | Near-threatened |
| Palm Warbler | Setophaga palmarum | |
| Yellow-rumped Warbler | Setophaga coronata | |
| Canada Warbler | Cardellina canadensis | |
| Wilson's Warbler | Cardellina pusilla | |
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| Yellow-headed Blackbird | Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus | |
| Bobolink | Dolichonyx oryzivorus | |
| Western Meadowlark | Sturnella neglecta | |
| Bullock's Oriole | Icterus bullockii | |
| Baltimore Oriole | Icterus galbula | |
| Orchard Oriole | Icterus spurius | |
| Red-winged Blackbird | Agelaius phoeniceus | |
| Brown-headed Cowbird | Molothrus ater | |
| Rusty Blackbird | Euphagus carolinus | Vulnerable |
| Brewer's Blackbird | Euphagus cyanocephalus | |
| Common Grackle | Quiscalus quiscula | Near-threatened |
| Great-tailed Grackle | Quiscalus mexicanus | |
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| Rose-breasted Grosbeak | Pheucticus ludovicianus | |
| Dickcissel | Spiza americana | |
| Indigo Bunting | Passerina cyanea | |
| Blue Grosbeak | Passerina caerulea | |
| Scarlet Tanager | Piranga olivacea | |
| Northern Cardinal | Cardinalis cardinalis | |
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| Black-capped Chickadee | Poecile atricapillus | |
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| Horned Lark | Eremophila alpestris | |
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| Cliff Swallow | Petrochelidon pyrrhonota | |
| Barn Swallow | Hirundo rustica | |
| Sand Martin | Riparia riparia | |
| Tree Swallow | Tachycineta bicolor | |
| Purple Martin | Progne subis | |
| Northern Rough-winged Swallow | Stelgidopteryx serripennis | |
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| Ruby-crowned Kinglet | Regulus calendula | |
| Golden-crowned Kinglet | Regulus satrapa | |
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| Bohemian Waxwing | Bombycilla garrulus | |
| Cedar Waxwing | Bombycilla cedrorum | |
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| American Treecreeper | Certhia americana | |
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| Red-breasted Nuthatch | Sitta canadensis | |
| White-breasted Nuthatch | Sitta carolinensis | |
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| Winter Wren | Troglodytes hiemalis | |
| House Wren | Troglodytes aedon | |
| Sedge Wren | Cistothorus platensis | |
| Marsh Wren | Cistothorus palustris | |
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| Gray Catbird | Dumetella carolinensis | |
| Northern Mockingbird | Mimus polyglottos | |
| Brown Thrasher | Toxostoma rufum | |
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| Common Starling | Sturnus vulgaris | Introduced species |
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| Eastern Bluebird | Sialia sialis | |
| Townsend's Solitaire | Myadestes townsendi | |
| Wood Thrush | Hylocichla mustelina | |
| Swainson's Thrush | Catharus ustulatus | |
| Veery | Catharus fuscescens | |
| Gray-cheeked Thrush | Catharus minimus | |
| Hermit Thrush | Catharus guttatus | |
| American Robin | Turdus migratorius | |
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