Welcome Guest

Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise

Loboparadisea sericea Rothschild, LW 1896

The yellow-breasted satinbird, formerly known as the yellow-breasted bird-of-paradise and also known as the silken satinbird, is a species of bird in the family Cnemophilidae. It is monotypic within the genus Loboparadisea. It is found in the New Guinea highlands. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest. It is threatened by habitat loss. Source: Wikipedia

Classification
Order:
  Passeriformes
Family:
  Cnemophilidae
Genus:
   Loboparadisea
Scientific:
  Loboparadisea sericea


Original description

Citation:
  Rothschild, LW 1896

Reference:
   Bull. Brit. Orn. Club 6 p.16

Protonym:
  Loboparadisea sericea

Type locality:
  Dutch New Guinea'. The type was bought at Kurudu Island and had presumably come from the Weyland Mts.

Link:
  https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/101092#page/376/mode/1up


Avibase identifiers

Avibase ID:
  1ED4FB4F30819444

Avibase ID:
  avibase-1ED4FB4F

Short link:
  https://avibase.ca/1ED4FB4F


Taxonomic Serial Number:
  TSN: 560833

Geographic range:

  • Loboparadisea sericea: montane western to southeastern New Guinea
  • Loboparadisea sericea sericea: central New Guinea (Weyland Mountains to Victor Emanuel Mountains)
  • Loboparadisea sericea aurora: western New Guinea (Herzog Mountains)
English:
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise
Catalan:
ocell del paradís pitgroc
Czech:
rajka žlutoprsá
Danish:
Gulbuget Silkefugl
German:
Gelbbrust-Samtvogel
Spanish:
Ave del Paraíso Sedosa
Spanish (Spain):
Ave del paraíso sedosa
Finnish:
keltaparatiisilintu
French:
Cnémophile soyeux
Croatian:
žutoprsa svilnica
Hungarian:
lebenyes paradicsommadár
Italian:
Uccello del paradiso pettogiallo
Japanese (romaji):
tsunohashifuuchoumodoki
Japanese:
ツノハシフウチョウモドキ
Lithuanian:
Geltonpilvis knemofilas
Dutch:
Lelsatijnvogel
Norwegian Nynorsk:
Gulbrystsatengfugl
Norwegian:
Gulbrystsatengfugl
Polish:
płatkonos żółtobrzuchy
Portuguese:
pássaro-cetim-de-peito-amarelo
Portuguese (Portugal):
ave-de-cetim-carunculada
Russian:
Желтобрюхая лория
Slovak:
saténovec žltoprsý
Serbian:
Smeđa satenka
Swedish:
gulbukig satängfågel
Ukrainian:
Лорія жовточерева
Chinese:
黄胸极乐鸟
Chinese (Traditional):
黃胸緞天堂鳥


Authorities recognizing this taxonomic concept:

Avibase taxonomic concepts (current):
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 2023 (May 2023):
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 2024 (Oct 2024):
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 01 (August 2013):
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 02 (May 2014):
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 03 (March 2015):
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 04 (Aug 2016):
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 05 (Jan 2017):
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 06 (Feb 2018):
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 07 (Feb 2020):
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 08 (Feb 2021):
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 00:
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 01:
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 02:
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 03:
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 04:
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 05 (Jun 2012):
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 05.1 (Oct 2012):
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 06 (Nov 2013):
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 06.1 (Feb 2014):
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 07 (Jul 2014):
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 08 (Oct 2015):
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 09 (Dec 2016):
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 09.1 (Jun 2017):
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v2 (Dec 2017):
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v3 (Nov 2018):
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v4 (Dec 2019):
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v5 (Dec 2020):
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v6 (Dec 2021):
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v6b (Jul 2022):
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v7 (Dec 2022):
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v8 (Dec 2023):
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v9 (Oct 2024):
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Commission internationale pour les noms français des oiseaux (1993, révision 2009):
Cnémophile soyeux ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Commission internationale pour les noms français des oiseaux (1993):
Paradisier soyeux ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Clements 1st edition:
Wattle-billed Bird of Paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Clements, version 2021:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Clements, version 2022:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Clements, version 2023:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Clements, version 2024:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Clements 3rd edition:
Wattle-billed Bird of Paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Clements 4th edition:
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Clements 5th edition (as published):
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2000 revisions):
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2001 revisions):
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2002 revisions):
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2003 revisions):
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2004 revisions):
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2005 revisions):
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition:
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (incl. 2007 revisions):
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (incl. 2008 revisions):
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (incl. 2009 revisions):
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (version 6.5 incl. 2010 revisions):
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (version 6.6 incl. 2011 revisions):
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (version 6.7 incl. 2012 revisions):
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (version 6.8 incl. 2013 revisions):
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (version 6.9 incl. 2014 revisions):
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Clements, version 2015:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Clements, version 2016:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Clements, version 2017:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Clements, version 2018:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Clements, version 2019:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
eBird version 1.50:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
eBird version 1.52:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
eBird version 1.53:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
eBird version 1.54:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
eBird version 1.55:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
eBird version 2015:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
eBird version 2016:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
eBird version 2017:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
eBird version 2018:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
eBird version 2019:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
eBird version 2021:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
eBird version 2022:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
eBird version 2023:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
eBird version 2024:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 2nd edition:
Wattle-billed Bird of Paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 2nd edition (incl. ? suppl):
Wattle-billed Bird of Paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (as published):
Yellow-breasted Cnemophilus ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 1.2):
Yellow-breasted Cnemophilus ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 2.1):
Yellow-breasted Cnemophilus ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 3.1):
Yellow-breasted Cnemophilus ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 4):
Yellow-breasted Cnemophilus ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 5):
Yellow-breasted Cnemophilus ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 6):
Yellow-breasted Cnemophilus ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 7):
Yellow-breasted Cnemophilus ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 8):
Yellow-breasted Cnemophilus ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 4th edition (vol. 1-2):
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 4th edition (incl. corrigenda vol.1-2):
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Handbook of the Birds of the World (vol 1-16):
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (31/01/2015):
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (03/07/2017):
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Handbook of the Birds of the World and Birdlife (Dec 2017):
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Handbook of the Birds of the World and Birdlife (Dec 2018):
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 1.0:
Silken Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 1.1:
Silken Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 1.5:
Silken Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 1.6:
Silken Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 1.7:
Silken Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.0:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.1:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.2:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.3:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.4:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.5:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.6:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.7:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.8:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.9:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.10:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.11:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 3.1:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 3.2:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 3.3:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 3.4:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 3.5:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 4.1:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 4.2:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 4.3:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 4.4:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 5.1:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 5.2:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 5.3:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 5.4:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 6.1:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 6.2:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 6.3:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 6.4:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 7.1:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 7.2:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 7.3:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 8.1:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 8.2:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 9.1:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 9.2:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 10.1:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 10.2:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 11.1:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 11.2:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 12.1:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 12.2:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 13.1:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 13.2:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 14.1:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 14.2:
Yellow-breasted Satinbird ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Morony, Bock and Farrand:
Yellow-breasted Bird of Paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Peters' Check-list of the Birds:
Loboparadisea sericea [version 1]
Peters' Check-list of the Birds (original):
Loboparadisea sericea [version 1]
Peters' Check-list of the Birds (2nd edition):
Loboparadisea sericea [version 1]
Sibley and Monroe (1993):
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Sibley and Monroe (1993, including corrections up to 1998):
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Sibley and Monroe, Birds of the World Version 2.0:
Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise ( Loboparadisea sericea) [version 1]
Zoonomen - Zoological Nomenclature Resource:
Loboparadisea sericea [version 1]
Zoonomen - Zoological Nomenclature Resource:
Loboparadisea sericea [version 1]

Taxonomic status:

Species status: full species

Your sightings

You must be logged in to view your sighting details. To register to myAvibase click here.

Related taxa

Highlight taxa in a checklist (shown in red)

Other synonyms

See also the taxonomic synonyms table.


Catalan: ocell del paradís pitgroc
Czech: Rajka lalocnatá, rajka žlutoprsá
Danish: Gulbuget Paradisfugl, Gulbuget Silkefugl
German: Gelbbrust-Samtvogel, Lappenparadiesvogel, Lappen-Paradiesvogel
English: Silken Satinbird, Wattle-billed Bird of Paradise, Wattle-billed Bird-of-Paradise, Yellow breasted Bird of paradise, Yellow-breasted Bird of Paradise, Yellow-breasted Bird-of-paradise, Yellow-breasted Cnemophilus, Yellow-breasted Satinbird
English, HBW: Yellow-breasted Satinbird
English (IOC): Yellow-breasted Satinbird
English (United States): Yellow-breasted Satinbird
Spanish: Ave del Paraíso Carunculada, Ave del paraíso sedosa, Ave-del-paraíso Sedosa
Spanish (Spain): Ave del paraíso sedosa
Spanish (HBW): Yellow-breasted Satinbird
Estonian: väävel-satäänlind
Finnish: Keltaparatiisilintu
French: Cnémophile soyeux, Paradisier soyeux
Croatian: žutoprsa svilnica
Hungarian: lebenyes paradicsommadár
Indonesian: Burung dewata berpial, Cendrawasih Sutera
Italian: Uccello del Paradiso pettogiallo
Japanese (romaji): tsunohashifuuchoumodoki
Japanese: ツノハシフウチョウモドキ
Scientific: Loboparadisea sericea, Loboparadisea sericea sericea
Lithuanian: Geltonpilvis knemofilas
Dutch: Lel-paradijsvogel, Lelsatijnvogel
Norwegian Nynorsk: Gulbrystsatengfugl
Norwegian: Gulbrystparadisfugl, Gulbrystsatengfugl
Polish: platkonos zóltobrzuchy, płatkonos żóltobrzuchy, Płatkonos żółtobrzuchy
Portuguese: pássaro-cetim-de-peito-amarelo
Portuguese (Portugal): ave-de-cetim-carunculada
Russian: Желтобрюхая лория, Желтобрюхая райская птица
Slovak: saténovec žltoprsý
Serbian: Smeđa satenka
Swedish: Gulbukad paradisfågel , gulbukig satängfågel
Turkish: Sarı göğüslü atlaskuşu
Ukrainian: Лорія жовточерева
Chinese: 黄胸极乐鸟
Chinese (Traditional): 黃胸緞天堂鳥

Avibase has been visited 412,805,836 times since 24 June 2003. © Denis Lepage | Privacy policy