Bird checklists - taxonomy - distribution - maps - links
Welcome Guest
Trumpeter Hornbill
Bycanistes bucinator (Temminck, CJ 1824)
Related taxa:
Species distribution
Geographical range
Value: forest of south-central and southeastern Africa
Source: Clements, version 2024
Value: forest of south-central and southeastern Africa
Source: Avilist 2025
Value: Resident, montane, coastal and riverine forest and moist woodland: N Angola, S DRC, Zambia, Tanzania (not NW), SE Kenya south to NE South Africa and along E coast to Knysna forest.
Source: africanbirdclub.org
Value: Forests of s-central and se Africa
Source: Clements 2021
Value: Angola, the Katanga, interior of Tanganyika Territory and the Tana River in Kenya Colony (in northern half of Tanganyika Terri- tory and in Kenya Colony confined to the coastlands), south to eastern Cape Province.
Source: Peter's Checklist of the Birds of the World
Maximum latitude of breeding range
Value: 1.04
Units: degrees
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Minimum latitude of breeding range
Value: -34.11
Units: degrees
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Centroid latitude
Value: -11.95
Units: degrees
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Value: -11.95
Units: degrees
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Centroid longitude
Value: 30.72
Units: degrees
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Nomadic, erratic, irruptive, wandering
Value: 1: Yes
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Breeding restricted to island(s)
Value: 0
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Latitudinal range
Value: Tropical
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Migration strategy
Value: Sedentary
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Value: Not a Migrant
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Total range size
Value: 6520000
Units: km2
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Value: 4073212.84
Units: km2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Value: > 50000
Units: km2
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Realm
Value: Afrotropic
Source: Pigot et al. 2020
Value: Afrotropical
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Sedentary, largely does not migrate
Value: 1: Yes
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Range and population size
Has restricted range?
Value: N
Source: Birdlife's Worldbird Database
Habitat
Altitude
Value:
Range: 0 - 2200
Units: m
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Value:
Range: 0 - 2200
Units: m
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Altitude range
Value: 2200
Units: m
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Number of major habitats used
Value: 4
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Habitat density (1-3)
Value: Semi-open habitats
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Habitat description
Value: Forest
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Value: FOREST
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Primary lifestyle
Value: DIURNAL
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Value: Terrestrial
Source: Bird et al. 2020
First habitat
Value: F: Forest, secondary forest, swamp forest, tree-fall gaps, taiga, igapo, varzea
Units: rank
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Second habitat
Value: RV: Riparian, riverine, gallery forest, stream, running water, wooded ravines
Units: rank
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Third habitat
Value: C: Sea coast, mangrove, estuary, bays, shores, fjords (only sea coast), coastal dune
Units: rank
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Fourth habitat
Value: WD: Acacia woodland, tropical deciduous/dry forest, savanna woodland, palm groves, miombo woodland, thorn forest, Polylepis woodland, pine-oak woodland
Units: rank
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Food and feeding habits
Number of major food types consumed
Value: 3
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Source used for diet data
Value: 1
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Main food source
Value: Fruit
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Value: FruiNect
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Ecological Specialization Index
Value: 0.920819
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Foraging niche
Value: Fugivore glean
Source: Pigot et al. 2020
Trophic level
Value: Herbivore
Source: Pigot et al. 2020
Value: Herbivore
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Trophic niche
Value: Frugivore
Source: Pigot et al. 2020
Value: Frugivore
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Weight of fish in diet
Value: 0
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of fruits in diet
Value: 7
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of invertebrates in diet
Value: 2
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of land vertebrates in diet
Value: 1
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of miscellaneous in diet
Value: 0
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of nectar in diet
Value: 0
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of plant material in diet
Value: 0
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of scavenging in diet
Value: 0
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of seeds in diet
Value: 0
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Sum of the weighted diets
Value: 10
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Body measurements
Bill depth (females)
Value: 5.405
Range: 5.28 - 5.53
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill depth (males)
Value: 7.56
Range: 7.51 - 7.61
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill depth (sex unknown)
Value: 6.4825
Range: 5.28 - 7.61
Units: cm
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill length (females) - Culmen
Value: 9.75833
Range: 7.45 - 11.96
Units: cm
Sample: 6
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Value: 11.2
Units: cm
Sample: 35
Source: Lisleland et al. 2007
Bill length (males) - Culmen
Value: 12.7593
Range: 11.12 - 14.27
Units: cm
Sample: 7
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Value: 13.6
Units: cm
Sample: 25
Source: Lisleland et al. 2007
Bill length (females) - Nares to tip
Value: 8.87
Range: 8.51 - 9.23
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill length (males) - Nares to tip
Value: 10.305
Range: 10.21 - 10.4
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill length (sex unknown) - Nares to tip
Value: 9.5875
Range: 8.51 - 10.4
Units: cm
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill length (sex unknown) - Culmen
Value: 11.3742
Range: 7.45 - 14.27
Units: cm
Sample: 13
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill width (females)
Value: 2.655
Range: 2.65 - 2.66
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill width (males)
Value: 3.135
Range: 2.81 - 3.46
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill width (sex unknown)
Value: 2.895
Range: 2.65 - 3.46
Units: cm
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Body mass
Value: 639.38
Units: g
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Value: 653
Range: 561 - 941
Units: g
Source: Myhrvold et al. 2015
Value: 667.5
Units: g
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Value: 639.38
Units: grams
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Body mass (females)
Value:
Range: 452 - 670
Units: g
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Value: 567
Range: 561 - 567
Units: g
Source: Myhrvold et al. 2015
Value: 567
Units: grams
Sample: 10
Source: Lisleland et al. 2007
Body mass (males)
Value: 739
Range: 721 - 774
Units: g
Source: Myhrvold et al. 2015
Value: 739
Units: grams
Sample: 7
Source: Lisleland et al. 2007
Value:
Range: 607 - 941
Units: g
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Body mass (sex unknown)
Value: 616
Range: 616 - 616
Units: g
Source: Myhrvold et al. 2015
Tail length (females)
Value: 21.8
Range: 19.85 - 23.1
Units: cm
Sample: 6
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Value: 19.8
Units: cm
Sample: 25
Source: Lisleland et al. 2007
Tail length (males)
Value: 24.65
Range: 21.6 - 27.6
Units: cm
Sample: 6
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Value: 21.6
Units: cm
Sample: 19
Source: Lisleland et al. 2007
Tail length (sex unknown)
Value: 23.225
Range: 19.85 - 27.6
Units: cm
Sample: 12
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Tarsus length (females)
Value: 4
Units: cm
Sample: 23
Source: Lisleland et al. 2007
Value: 4.645
Range: 4.11 - 5.24
Units: cm
Sample: 6
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Tarsus length (males)
Value: 4.4
Units: cm
Sample: 19
Source: Lisleland et al. 2007
Value: 5.19486
Range: 3.92 - 6.21
Units: cm
Sample: 7
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Tarsus length (sex unknown)
Value: 4.94108
Range: 3.92 - 6.21
Units: cm
Sample: 13
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Wing length (females)
Value: 26.3
Units: cm
Sample: 37
Source: Lisleland et al. 2007
Value: 26.0417
Range: 24.2 - 26.7
Units: cm
Sample: 6
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Hand-Wing Index (females)
Value: 195.5
Range: 181.2 - 199.8
Units: %
Sample: 6
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Hand-Wing Index (males)
Value: 226.917
Range: 216.6 - 243
Units: %
Sample: 6
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Hand-Wing Index (unknown)
Value: 211.208
Range: 181.2 - 243
Units: %
Sample: 12
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Kipps distance (females)
Value: 6.49167
Range: 6.08 - 6.72
Units: cm
Sample: 6
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Kipps distance (males)
Value: 6.525
Range: 5 - 7.54
Units: cm
Sample: 6
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Kipps distance (unknown)
Value: 6.50833
Range: 5 - 7.54
Units: cm
Sample: 12
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Wing length (males)
Value: 28.8
Units: cm
Sample: 33
Source: Lisleland et al. 2007
Value: 29.2143
Range: 28.8 - 29.8
Units: cm
Sample: 7
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Wing length (females) - secondary1
Value: 19.55
Range: 18.12 - 19.98
Units: cm
Sample: 6
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Wing length (males) - secondary1
Value: 22.6917
Range: 21.66 - 24.3
Units: cm
Sample: 6
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Wing length (unknown) - secondary1
Value: 21.1208
Range: 18.12 - 24.3
Units: cm
Sample: 12
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Wing length (sex unknown)
Value: 27.75
Range: 24.2 - 29.8
Units: cm
Sample: 13
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Nest characteristics
Description of physical nest (shape, etc.)
Value: cavity (tree)
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Eggs
Egg mass
Value: 30.9
Units: grams
Source: Lisleland et al. 2007
Value: 30.9
Range: 30.9 - 30.9
Units: g
Source: Myhrvold et al. 2015
Reproduction
Age at first breeding
Value: 2.325172519
Units: years
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Clutch size
Value: 3
Units: n
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Value:
Range: 2 - 4
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Value: 3
Source: Lisleland et al. 2007
Value: 2.9
Range: 2.8 - 3
Units: n
Source: Myhrvold et al. 2015
Fledging period
Value:
Range: 50 -
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Sex of bird sitting on eggs/nest
Value: Female
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Incubation period
Value:
Range: 28 -
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Monogamous
Value: 1: Yes
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
How nests are connected to supporting objects
Value: Basal
Source: Chia et al. 2023
Location where nests are constructed
Value: Tree; Cliff_Bank
Source: Chia et al. 2023
Value: Ground; Tree
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Nest has an 'artificial' location
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has an 'earth hole' location
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'ground' location
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'rock' location
Value: yes
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'tree hole' location
Value: yes
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'vegetation' location
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'water' location
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest structure
Value: Second Cavity
Source: Chia et al. 2023
Nest has a 'cavity' structure
Value: yes
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'clearing' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'cup' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'dome' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'dome-and-tube' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has an 'excavation' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'excavation-with-nest' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'mound' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'none' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'platform' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'ring' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'scrape' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Parasitic breeding
Value: False
Source: Chia et al. 2023
Value: 0: false
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Host of parasitic breeding
Value: 0: false
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Polygynous
Value: 0: No
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Survival
Adult annual survival rate
Value: 0.7905153
Units: annual rate
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Average generation length (years)
Value: 6.06708904
Range: 5.946923419 - 6.098790831
Units: years
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Value: 6.56
Units: years
Source: Birdlife 2024
Maximum age
Value: 21.63424735
Units: years
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Population decline over 10 years
Value: 2%
Range: 0% - 4%
Units: percent
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Population decline over 3 generation
Value: 3%
Range: 0% - 7%
Units: percent
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Behaviour
Inability to fly
Value: No
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
References
- AviList Core Team. 2025. AviList: The Global Avian Checklist, v2025. https://doi.org/10.2173/avilist.v2025 https://www.avilist.org/checklist/v2025/
- Bird, Jeremy & Martin, Robert & Akcakaya, H. Resit & Gilroy, James & Burfield, Ian & Garnett, Stephen & Symes, Andy & Taylor, Joe & Sekercioglu, Cagan & Butchart, Stuart. (2020). Generation lengths of the world's birds and their implications for extinction risk. Conservation Biology. 34. 10.1111/cobi.13486. https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cobi.13486
- BirdLife International. 2024. Generation lengths of the world's birds. Version 2 (November 2020). Available from https://datazone.birdlife.org https://datazone.birdlife.org//species/genlength
- Birdlife. 2005. Worldbird Database.
- Catherine Sheard, Sally E. Street, Susan D. Healy, Camille A. Troisi, Andrew D. Clark, Antonia Yovcheva, Alexis Trébaol, Karina Vanadzina, Kevin N. Lala. 2024. Nest traits for the world's birds. Global Ecology and Biogeography 33(2):206-214. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/geb.13783
- Chia, Stephanie Yuan, Yi-Ting Fang, Yi-Ting Su, Pei-Yu Tsai, Chia Hsieh, Shu-Han Tsao, Jia-Yang Juang, Chih-Ming Hung, and Mao-Ning Tuanmu. 2023. “A Global Database of Bird Nest Traits.” Scientific Data 10 (1): 923. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02837-1. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-023-02837-1
- Clements, J. F., P. C. Rasmussen, T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, A. Spencer, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, M. Smith, and C. L. Wood. 2024. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2024. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2021. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Lislevand T, Figuerola J, Székely T. 2007. Avian body sizes in relation to fecundity, mating system, display behavior, and resource sharing. Ecology 88:1605. https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1890/06-2054
- P. Myhrvold, Nathan; Baldridge, Elita; Chan, Benjamin; Sivam, Dhileep; L. Freeman, Daniel; Ernest, S. K. Morgan (2016): An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Wiley. Collection. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3308127.v1 https://figshare.com/collections/An_amniote_life-history_database_to_perform_comparative_analyses_with_birds_mammals_and_reptiles/3308127
- Peter Lack. 2008. African Bird Club List of African Birds. http://africanbirdclub.org/resources/checklist.html
- Peters, J. L. 1931-1987. Check-list of Birds of the World. 15 vols. + Index. Harvard Press. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/14581
- Pigot, A.L., Sheard, C., Miller, E.T. et al. Macroevolutionary convergence connects morphological form to ecological function in birds. Nat Ecol Evol 4, 230–239 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-1070-4
- Şekercioğlu, Ç.H., Kittelberger, K.D., Mota, F.M.M. et al. BIRDBASE: A Global Dataset of Avian Biogeography, Conservation, Ecology and Life History Traits. Sci Data 12, 1558 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05615-3
- Tobias, J. et al. 2022. AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds. Ecology Letters. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13898 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ele.13898
Avibase has been visited 505,042,440 times since 24 June 2003. © Denis Lepage | Privacy policy
