Geographic range:

• Sitta europaea europaea: Scandinavia and Russia to Volga and Vyatka basins and Ukraine
• Sitta europaea caesia: Britain to Denmark, Carpathian Mts., Pyrénées and Balkan Pen.
• Sitta europaea hispaniensis (hispaniensis): Iberian Peninsula
• Sitta europaea hispaniensis (atlas): Morocco
• Sitta europaea cisalpina: southern Switzerland (south of the Alps), mainland Italy, Sicily, and western coastal Balkans, south to southwestern Montenegro
• Sitta europaea levantina: W Asia Minor, Levant and s Turkey (e to Euphrates River)
• Sitta europaea caucasica: N and ne Turkey, Caucasus region and Transcaucasia
• Sitta europaea persica: Zagros Mountains (sw Iran)
• Sitta europaea rubiginosa: SE Transcaucasia (Talyshskiye and Gory mountains) to n Iran
• Sitta europaea asiatica: central Russia east to the western shore of Lake Baikal, south to Kazakhstan and western Mongolia
• Sitta europaea baicalensis: southeastern Siberia, from region south and east of Lake Baikal, east to the Sea of Okhotsk and northeastern China
• Sitta europaea takatsukasai: southern Kuril Islands (Iturup and Urup)
• Sitta europaea clara: southern Kuril Islands (Kunashir and Shikotan) and northern Japan (Hokkaido)
• Sitta europaea sakhalinensis: Sakhalin (Russia)
• Sitta europaea albifrons: northeastern Russia (southern Koryak Highlands and the Kamchatka Peninsula) and northern Kuril Islands (Paramushir)
• Sitta europaea roseilia: southern Japan (southern Kyushu)
• Sitta europaea amurensis: SE Russia to ne China, Korea and Honshu (n Japan)
• Sitta europaea hondoensis: central and southern Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, and northern Kyushu)
• Sitta europaea bedfordi: Cheju-Do Islands (Korea)
• Sitta europaea seorsa: NW China (e Tien Shan Mountains of n Xinjiang)
• Sitta europaea sinensis: central and eastern China
• Sitta europaea formosana: Taiwan
• Sitta arctica: N-central Siberia to Anadyr River (e Russia)
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