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Common Tern

Sterna hirundo Linnaeus, C 1758

The common tern is a seabird in the family Laridae. This bird has a circumpolar distribution, its four subspecies breeding in temperate and subarctic regions of Europe, Asia and North America. It is strongly migratory, wintering in coastal tropical and subtropical regions. Breeding adults have light grey upperparts, white to very light grey underparts, a black cap, orange-red legs, and a narrow pointed bill. Depending on the subspecies, the bill may be mostly red with a black tip or all black. There are a number of similar species, including the partly sympatric Arctic tern, which can be separated on plumage details, leg and bill colour, or vocalisations. Source: Wikipedia




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Classification
Order:
  Charadriiformes
Family:
  Laridae
Genus:
   Sterna
Scientific:
  Sterna hirundo


Original description

Citation:
  Linnaeus, C 1758

Reference:
   Systema Naturae ed. 10 1 p.137

Protonym:
  Sterna Hirundo

Type locality:
  Europe, restricted type locality, Sweden.

Link:
  https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/155/mode/1up


Avibase identifiers

Avibase ID:
  4D2FF6F13790ED7E

Avibase ID:
  avibase-4D2FF6F1

Short link:
  https://avibase.ca/4D2FF6F1


Taxonomic Serial Number:
  TSN: 176888

Geographic range:

  • Sterna hirundo: widespread, subarctic, temperate, and locally tropical Northern Hemisphere; winters coastally to southern Africa, western Madagascar, southern Australia, and southeastern South America
  • Sterna hirundo hirundo: Azores, Madeira and Canary islands; Tunisia, Mauritania and Senegal; inland Europe (except Arctic) to northwestern Siberia and western China; inland Northwest Territories to Montana, James Bay and southeastern Canada and New England, coastal western North Atlantic to South Carolina; Bahamas (erratic), and islands north of Venezuela; migrates to southern oceans
  • Sterna hirundo longipennis: northeastern Siberia to northeastern China; winters southeastern Asia to Australia
  • Sterna hirundo [tibetana or minussensis]: breeds from central Asia to northern Mongolia and Kashmir to Tibet; winters in the Indian Ocean
English:
Common Tern
Catalan:
Xatrac comú
Czech:
rybák obecný
Danish:
Fjordterne
German:
Flußseeschwalbe
Spanish:
Charrán Común
Spanish (Spain):
Charrán Común
Finnish:
kalatiira
French:
Sterne pierregarin
Croatian:
Crvenokljuna Čigra
Hungarian:
Küszvágó csér
Icelandic:
Sílaþerna
Italian:
Sterna comune
Japanese (romaji):
ajisashi
Japanese:
アジサシ
Lithuanian:
Upinė žuvėdra
Dutch:
Visdief
Norwegian Nynorsk:
Makrellterne
Norwegian:
Makrellterne
Polish:
rybitwa rzeczna
Portuguese:
trinta-réis-boreal / gaivina
Portuguese (Brazil):
trinta-réis-boreal
Portuguese (Portugal):
andorinha-do-mar-comum
Russian:
Речная крачка
Slovak:
rybár riečny
Serbian:
obična čigra
Swedish:
fisktärna
Ukrainian:
Крячок річковий
Chinese:
普通燕鸥
Chinese (Traditional):
燕鷗


Authorities recognizing this taxonomic concept:

African Bird Club Checklist 2004:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
African Bird Club Checklist August 2005:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
African Bird Club Checklist March 2007:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
African Bird Club Checklist January 2008:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
African Bird Club Checklist May 2009:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
African Bird Club Checklist March 2010:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 1st edition (1886):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 1st edition (incl. 1st suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 1st edition (incl. 2nd suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 1st edition (incl. 3rd suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 1st edition (incl. 4th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 1st edition (incl. 5th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 1st edition (incl. 6th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 1st edition (incl. 7th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 2nd edition (1895):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 2nd edition (incl. 8th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 2nd edition (incl. 9th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 2nd edition (incl. 10th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 2nd edition (incl. 11th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 2nd edition (incl. 12th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 2nd edition (incl. 13th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 2nd edition (incl. 14th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 2nd edition (incl. 15th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 3rd edition (1910):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 3rd edition (incl. 16th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 3rd edition (incl. 17th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 3rd edition (incl. 18th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 4th edition (1931):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 4th edition (incl. 19th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 4th edition (incl. 20th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 4th edition (incl. 21st suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 4th edition (incl. 22nd suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 4th edition (incl. 23rd suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 4th edition (incl. 24th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 4th edition (incl. 25th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 4th edition (incl. 26th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 4th edition (incl. 27th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 4th edition (incl. 28th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 4th edition (incl. 29th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 4th edition (incl. 30th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 4th edition (incl. 31st suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 5th edition (1957):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 5th edition (incl. 32nd suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 5th edition (incl. 33rd suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 5th edition (incl. 34th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 6th edition (1983):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 6th edition (incl. 35th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 6th edition (incl. 36th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 6th edition (incl. 37th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 6th edition (incl. 38th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 6th edition (incl. 39th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 6th edition (incl. 40th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 6th edition (incl. 41st suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (1998):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 42nd suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 43rd suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 44th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 45th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 46th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 47th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 48th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 49th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 50th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 51st suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 52nd suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 53rd suppl.):
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American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 54th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 55th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 56th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 57th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Society 7th edition (incl. 58th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Society 7th edition (incl. 59th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Society 7th edition (incl. 60th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Society 7th edition (incl. 61st suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Society 7th edition (incl. 61st suppl. and addendum):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Society 7th edition (incl. 62nd suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Society 7th edition (incl. 63rd suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Society 7th edition (incl. 64th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Society 7th edition (incl. 65th suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts (current):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 2023 (May 2023):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 2024 (Oct 2024):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 01 (August 2013):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 02 (May 2014):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 03 (March 2015):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 04 (Aug 2016):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 05 (Jan 2017):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 06 (Feb 2018):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 07 (Feb 2020):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 08 (Feb 2021):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 00:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 01:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 02:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 03:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 04:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 05 (Jun 2012):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 05.1 (Oct 2012):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 06 (Nov 2013):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 06.1 (Feb 2014):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 07 (Jul 2014):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 08 (Oct 2015):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 09 (Dec 2016):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 09.1 (Jun 2017):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v2 (Dec 2017):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v3 (Nov 2018):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v4 (Dec 2019):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v5 (Dec 2020):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v6 (Dec 2021):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v6b (Jul 2022):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v7 (Dec 2022):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v8 (Dec 2023):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v9 (Oct 2024):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
British Ornithologists' Union Checklist (7th edition):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
British Ornithologists' Union Checklist (7th edition, incl. Jan 2009 suppl.):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Christidis and Boles (2008): Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Commission internationale pour les noms français des oiseaux (1993, révision 2009):
Sterne pierregarin ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Commission internationale pour les noms français des oiseaux (1993):
Sterne pierregarin ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Clements 1st edition:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Clements, version 2021:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 2]
Clements, version 2022:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 2]
Clements, version 2023:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 2]
Clements, version 2024:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 2]
Clements 3rd edition:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Clements 4th edition:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Clements 5th edition (as published):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2000 revisions):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2001 revisions):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2002 revisions):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2003 revisions):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2004 revisions):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2005 revisions):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (incl. 2007 revisions):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (incl. 2008 revisions):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (incl. 2009 revisions):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (version 6.5 incl. 2010 revisions):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (version 6.6 incl. 2011 revisions):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (version 6.7 incl. 2012 revisions):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (version 6.8 incl. 2013 revisions):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (version 6.9 incl. 2014 revisions):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Clements, version 2015:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Clements, version 2016:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Clements, version 2017:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Clements, version 2018:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 2]
Clements, version 2019:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 2]
eBird version 1.50:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
eBird version 1.52:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
eBird version 1.53:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
eBird version 1.54:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
eBird version 1.55:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
eBird version 2015:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
eBird version 2016:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
eBird version 2017:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
eBird version 2018:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 2]
eBird version 2019:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 2]
eBird version 2021:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 2]
eBird version 2022:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 2]
eBird version 2023:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 2]
eBird version 2024:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 2]
Howard and Moore 2nd edition:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 2nd edition (incl. ? suppl):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (as published):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 1.2):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 2.1):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 3.1):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 4):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 5):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 6):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 7):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 8):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 4th edition (vol. 1-2):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 4th edition (incl. corrigenda vol.1-2):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Handbook of the Birds of the World (vol 1-16):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (31/01/2015):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (03/07/2017):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Handbook of the Birds of the World and Birdlife (Dec 2017):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Handbook of the Birds of the World and Birdlife (Dec 2018):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 1.0:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 1.1:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 1.5:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 1.6:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 1.7:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 2.0:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 2.1:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 2.2:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 2.3:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 2.4:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 2.5:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 2.6:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 2.7:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 2.8:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 2.9:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 2.10:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 2.11:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 3.1:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 3.2:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 3.3:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 3.4:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 3.5:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 4.1:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 4.2:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 4.3:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 4.4:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 5.1:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 5.2:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 5.3:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 5.4:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 6.1:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 6.2:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 6.3:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 6.4:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 7.1:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 7.2:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 7.3:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 8.1:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 8.2:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 9.1:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 9.2:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 10.1:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 10.2:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 11.1:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 11.2:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 12.1:
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IOC World Bird Names, version 12.2:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 13.1:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 13.2:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 14.1:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 14.2:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Morony, Bock and Farrand:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Oriental Bird Club:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Peters' Check-list of the Birds:
Sterna hirundo [version 1]
Peters' Check-list of the Birds (original):
Sterna hirundo [version 1]
Peters' Check-list of the Birds (2nd edition):
Sterna hirundo [version 1]
Sibley and Monroe (1993):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Sibley and Monroe (1993, including corrections up to 1998):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Sibley and Monroe, Birds of the World Version 2.0:
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (24/10/2003):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (14/09/2005):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (16/07/2006):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (26/09/2007):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (01/05/2008):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (30/09/2009):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (19/08/2010):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (8/08/2011):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (8/02/2012):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (4/09/2012):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (17/03/2013):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (9/02/2014):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (16/02/2015):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (28/07/2016):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (22/04/2017):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (4/06/2018):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (6/06/2019):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (20/02/2020):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (8/06/2020):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (24/08/2021):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (24/07/2022):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (28/09/2023):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (27/07/2024):
Common Tern ( Sterna hirundo) [version 1]
Zoonomen - Zoological Nomenclature Resource:
Sterna hirundo [version 1]
Zoonomen - Zoological Nomenclature Resource:
Sterna hirundo [version 1]

Taxonomic status:

Species status: full species

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Related taxa

Alternative arrangements:  1  2 

Highlight taxa in a checklist (shown in red)

Other synonyms

See also the taxonomic synonyms table.


Afrikaans: Gewone Seeswael , Gewone Seeswael (Gewone Sterretjie), Gewone Sterretjie
Arabic: الخرشنة الشائعة, الخرشنة الشائعة الجنة, خرشنة شائعة, خطاف البحر
Asturian: Garrochín, Garrochín común
Azerbaijani: adi su qaranquşu, adi susüpürən, Çay sternası, çay su qaranquşu, Çay susüpürəni
Bashkir: йылға аҡсарлағы , йылға сарлағы, ҡарабаш аҡсарлаҡ , ҡарабаш сарлаҡ, керелдәк сарлаҡ
Belarusian: Крычка рачная, Рачная крычка
Bulgarian: Речна рибарка
Bengali: পাতি পানচিল, ঩াচত ঩ানচচর
Bengali (transliteration): pāti pānacila
Breton: Ar skravig boutin, Gwennili-mor, Perig, Scravig, Skrav, Skravig, Skravig boutin
Catalan: Curroc, Llambritja, Xatrac comú
Catalan (Balears): Llambritja
Valencian: Curroc
Chipewyan: beskay keessé
Montenegrin: crvenokljuna čigra, црвенокљуна чигра
Montenegrin (Cyrillic): црвенокљуна чигра
Cree: taskateneoo kiask
Cree, Plains: taskateneoo kiask
Czech: Rybák obecný
Chuvash: ахаль шывчĕкеç, шыв чĕкеçĕ, юханшыв крачки
Welsh: Gwennol-y-môr, Morwennol gyffredin, Môr-wennol gyffredin, Ysgraell, Ysgrechen
Danish: Fjordterne
German: Flußseeschwalbe, Fluss-Seeschwalbe
Maldivian: Valla
Greek: Θαλασσοχελιδόνα, Πoταμoγλάρovo, Ποταμογλάρονο, Ποταμόγλαρονο
Greek (Cypriot): Θαλασσοχελιδόνα
English: Black-billed Common Tern, Common Tern, Sea-swallow
English, HBW: Common Tern
English (IOC): Common Tern
English (Kenya): Common Tern
English (United States): Common Tern
Esperanto: Hirunda ŝterno
Spanish: Charrán Común, Charrán pico grueso, Charrán piquinegro, Gaviota Común, Gaviota golondrina común, Gaviotín, Gaviotín boreal, Gaviotín Común, Gaviotín golondrina, Gaviotín pico grueso, Golondrina de Mar, Golondrina-marina Común, Visdief
Spanish (Argentine): Gaviotín golondrina, Gaviotín pico grueso
Spanish (Chile): Gaviotín boreal
Spanish (Colombia): Gaviotín Común
Spanish (Costa Rica): Charrán Común, Charrán piquinegro
Spanish (Cuba): Gaviota Común
Spanish (Dominican Rep.): Charrán Común, Gaviota Común
Spanish (Ecuador): Gaviotín Común
Spanish (Spain): Charrán Común
Spanish (HBW): Charrán común
Spanish (Honduras): Gaviota golondrina común
Spanish (Mexico): charrán común, Charrán pico grueso, Golondrina-marina Común
Spanish (Nicaragua): Charrán Común
Spanish (Panama): Gaviotín Común
Spanish (Peru): Gaviotín Común
Spanish (Puerto Rico): Charrán Común
Spanish (Paraguay): Gaviotín, Gaviotín golondrina
Spanish (Uruguay): Gaviotín Golondrina, Golondrina de Mar
Spanish (Venezuela): Tirra Medio Cuchillo
Estonian: Jogitiir, Jõgitiir
Basque: Txenada, Txenada arrunt, Txenada arrunta, Xatrac comú
Evenki: tamna milan, киракча̄н, тылака, тыракӣ
Persian: پرستو دریایی معمولی, پرستودریایی معمولی
Finnish: Kalatiira
Faroese: Kriterna
French: Hirondelle de mer, Pierre-Garin, Sterne commune, Sterne hirondelle, Sterne pierregarin
Friulian: cisile di mâr, ciule, cocaline, sisile di mâr
Frisian: Wytstirns
Irish: Geabhróg
Guadeloupean Creole French: Mauve blanche, Petite mauve
Gaelic: Steàrnag, Steàrnan cumanta
Galician: Carrán común, Xatrac comú
Guarani: Atî
Manx: Gibbyn Gant, Gollan marrey, Spithag, Spyrryd, Sternag chadjin
Haitian Creole French: Fou bèk wouj
Hebrew: שחפית ים
Croatian: Crvenokljuna Cigra, Crvenokljuna Čigra
Hungarian: Küszvágó csér
Armenian: [Getayin Jratsitsar ], Գետային Ջրածիծառ
Indonesian: Burung Dara Laut Biasa, Burung Dara-laut Biasa, Dara laut biasa, Dara laut hirunda, Daralaut Biasa, Dara-laut biasa
Icelandic: Sílaþerna
Italian: Sterna comune
Japanese (romaji): ajisashi, aji-sashi, Akaashi-ajisashi
Japanese: アジサシ
Japanese (Kanji): 鯵刺
Georgian: მდინარის თევზიყლაპია, ჩვეულებრივი თევზიყლაპია
Kara-Kalpak: дәрья шағаласы
Kabardian: псытхьэрыкъуэ, тхьэрыкъуапцӀэ
Mongolian, Halh: хараалай
Khakas: Азыр хузурухтығ хайлах
Kazakh: Єзен қарқылдағы, өзен қарқылдағы, өзен қарқылдақ шағаласы, өзен шағаласы, кәдімгі қырқылдақ
Kazakh (Transliteration): özen qarqıldaq
Korean: 제비갈매기
Korean (Transliteration): jebi-galmaegi
Karachay-Balkar: суу чайкъар
North Karelian: jokitiira
Cornish: Morwennol
Kirghiz: өзөн чагаласы, кадимки чабакчыл, чагала
Scientific: Sterna fluviatilis, Sterna hirundo, Sterna hirundo hirundo, Teretistris cinerea
Luxembourgish: Flossséischmuewel
Lithuanian: Kirlė, Upine žuvedra, Upinė žuvėdra
Latvian: Upes zīriņš
Macedonian: Обична вртимушка, Речна рибарка, речна чигра
Malayalam: ചോരക്കാലി ആള
Mongolian: Хараалай, хараацай цахлай, хараацайлаг цахлай, Эгэл хараалай
Mongolian (Bichig): ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠢ
Mongolian (Bichig, Inner Mongolia): ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠢ
Mongolian (Cyrillic, Inner Mongolia): Хараацай цахлай, Хараацайлаг цахлай
Mongolian (Transliteration): egel kharaalai, kharaalai, kharaatsai tsakhlai, kharaatsailag tsakhlai
Moldavian: Chiră de baltă
Montagnais (Innu-aimun): tshinash
Malay: Burung Camar, Burung Camar Siput, Camar Siput
Maltese: Cirlewwa tal-Bahar, Ċirlewwa tal-Baħar
Mongolian, Chakhar (Peripheral): хараацай цахлай, хараацайлаг цахлай
Nepali: वायु ङ्घयालङ्घयाले
Dutch: Visdief, Visdiefje
Norwegian Nynorsk: Makrellterne
Norwegian: Makrellterne
Livvi (Olonets Karelian): pikkučiirakko
Polish: Rybitwa pospolita, Rybitwa rózowa, Rybitwa różowa, rybitwa rzeczna, Rybitwa zwyczajna
Pinyin: cháng-chì hǎi-yàn, pǔtōng yàn-ōu, yàn-ōu
Portuguese: andorinha do mar comum, Andorinha-do-mar-comum, Gaivina, Gaivina-comum, Garajau-comum, Inha-do-mar-comum, trinta-réis, Trinta-réis-boreal, Trinta-réis-boreal / Gaivina, Trinta-réis-de-bico-preto
Portuguese (Açores): Garajau-comum
Portuguese (Brazil): trinta-réis, trinta-reis-boreal, Trinta-réis-boreal, Trinta-réis-de-bico-preto
Portuguese (Madeira): Garajau-comum
Portuguese (Portugal): andorinha-do-mar-comum, Gaivina-comum
Romansh: Pestgarel da flum
Rhaeto-Romance: Pestgarel da flum
Romanian: Chiră de baltă
Russian: Rechnaya Krachka, Крачка речная, Обыкновенная крачка, Речная крачка
Yakut: атырдьах кутурук, ачаах кутурук, балыксыт, кыптыый кутурук, тылбык, тыыраахы
Scots: Stearnag
Northern Sami: Guollečearret, Mákreallacearret
Sinhalese (Transliteration): Podu Muhudulihiniya
Slovak: Rybár obyčajný, Rybár riečny
Slovenian: navadna cigra, navadna čigra
Albanian: Dallëndyshe e zakonshme deti
Serbian: obicna cigra, obična čigra, Обична чигра
Sranan: Fisman
Swedish: Fisktärna
Swahili: Shakwe Mbayuwayu
Tamil: [Kadal kuruvi], Aala
Thai: นกนางนวลแกลบทะเล, นกนางนวลแกลบธรรมดา
Thai (Transliteration): nók naaŋ-nuan-klàeep tʰá-lee, nók naaŋ-nuan-klàeep tʰam-ma-daa
Turkmen: derýa çerigi
Turkish: Deniz-kırlangıcı, Sumru, Өзен қарқылдақ
Tatar: елга акчарлагы
Tuvinian: Суг хараачыгайы
Udmurt: камтютѐ, сьӧд йыр, сьӧдйыр
Ukrainian: Крячок річковий , Річковий крячок
Uzbek: дарѐ чигиртчиси, оддий чигиртчи, сув чигиртчиси
Vietnamese: Chim Nhàn, Chim Nhàn thường, Nhàn
Kalmyk: һолын болҗмр, һолын харлла, сармагчн
Xhosa: Unothenteza
Chinese: [chang-chi hai-yan], [putong yan-ou], [yan-ou], 普通燕鷗, 普通燕鸥, 燕鷗, 长翅海燕
Chinese (Traditional): 普通燕鷗, 燕鷗, 長翅海燕
Chinese (Taiwan, Traditional): 燕鷗
Chinese (Taiwan): [yan-ou], 燕鷗, 燕鸥

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