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Chilean Flamingo
Phoenicopterus chilensis Molina, GI 1782
Related taxa:
Species distribution
Altitudinal/elevational migration
Value: 1: Yes
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Geographical range
Value: Andes of s South America; pampas of s Brazil to s Argentina
Source: Clements 2021
Value: Temperate South America from Peru on the west and Uruguay on the east to Tierra del Fuego.
Source: Peter's Checklist of the Birds of the World
Value: Andes of southern South America; pampas of southern Brazil to southern Argentina
Source: Avilist 2025
Value: Andes of southern South America; pampas of southern Brazil to southern Argentina
Source: Clements, version 2024
Maximum latitude of breeding range
Value: -1.96
Units: degrees
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Minimum latitude of breeding range
Value: -54.65
Units: degrees
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Centroid latitude
Value: -33.05
Units: degrees
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Value: -33.05
Units: degrees
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Centroid longitude
Value: -67.5
Units: degrees
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Nomadic, erratic, irruptive, wandering
Value: 1: Yes
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Breeding restricted to island(s)
Value: 0
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Latitudinal range
Value: Tropical-Temperate
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Migration strategy
Value: 1: Yes
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Value: Sedentary
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Value: Full Migrant
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Total range size
Value: 8460000
Units: km2
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Value: 3269778.02
Units: km2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Value: > 50000
Units: km2
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Realm
Value: Neotropical
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Value: Neotropic
Source: Pigot et al. 2020
Range and population size
Has restricted range?
Value: N
Source: Birdlife's Worldbird Database
Habitat
Altitude
Value:
Range: 0 - 4500
Units: m
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Value:
Range: - 4500
Units: m
Source: Birdlife's Worldbird Database
Value:
Range: 0 - 4500
Units: m
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Altitude range
Value: 4500
Units: m
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Number of major habitats used
Value: 3
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Habitat density (1-3)
Value: Open habitats
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Habitat description
Value: Wetland
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Value: Freshwater
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Value: Marine
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Primary lifestyle
Value: DIURNAL
Source: Bird et al. 2020
First habitat
Value: C: Sea coast, mangrove, estuary, bays, shores, fjords (only sea coast), coastal dune
Units: rank
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Second habitat
Value: W: Wetlands, lakes, salt lakes, marsh, reedbed
Units: rank
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Third habitat
Value: R: Rocky areas, cliffs, outcrop, inselberg, koppi, escarpment
Units: rank
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Food and feeding habits
Number of major food types consumed
Value: 1
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Source used for diet data
Value: 1
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Main food source
Value: Invertebrate
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Value: Invertebrate
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Ecological Specialization Index
Value: 1.52288
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Foraging niche
Value: Aquatic ground
Source: Pigot et al. 2020
Trophic level
Value: Carnivore
Source: Pigot et al. 2020
Value: Carnivore
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Trophic niche
Value: Aquatic predator
Source: Pigot et al. 2020
Value: Aquatic predator
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Weight of fish in diet
Value: 0
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of fruits in diet
Value: 0
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of invertebrates in diet
Value: 10
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of land vertebrates in diet
Value: 0
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of miscellaneous in diet
Value: 0
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of nectar in diet
Value: 0
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of plant material in diet
Value: 0
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of scavenging in diet
Value: 0
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of seeds in diet
Value: 0
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Sum of the weighted diets
Value: 10
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Body measurements
Bill depth (females)
Value: 3.4
Range: 3.4 - 3.4
Units: cm
Sample: 1
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill depth (males)
Value: 3.54
Range: 3.34 - 3.93
Units: cm
Sample: 3
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill depth (sex unknown)
Value: 3.505
Range: 3.34 - 3.93
Units: cm
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill length (females) - Culmen
Value: 10.92
Range: 10.92 - 10.92
Units: cm
Sample: 1
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill length (males) - Culmen
Value: 10.55
Range: 10.21 - 10.83
Units: cm
Sample: 3
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill length (females) - Nares to tip
Value: 8.19
Range: 8.19 - 8.19
Units: cm
Sample: 1
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill length (males) - Nares to tip
Value: 7.81667
Range: 7.72 - 8
Units: cm
Sample: 3
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill length (sex unknown) - Nares to tip
Value: 7.91
Range: 7.72 - 8.19
Units: cm
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill length (sex unknown) - Culmen
Value: 10.6425
Range: 10.21 - 10.92
Units: cm
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill width (females)
Value: 2.37
Range: 2.37 - 2.37
Units: cm
Sample: 1
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill width (males)
Value: 2.46667
Range: 2.41 - 2.55
Units: cm
Sample: 3
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill width (sex unknown)
Value: 2.4425
Range: 2.37 - 2.55
Units: cm
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Body mass
Value: 2615
Range: 2277 - 3570
Units: g
Source: Myhrvold et al. 2015
Value: 2277
Units: g
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Value: 2277
Units: grams
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Value: 2460
Units: g
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Body mass (females)
Value: 2530
Range: 2525 - 2665
Units: g
Source: Myhrvold et al. 2015
Hatchling body mass
Value: 85
Range: 85 - 85
Units: g
Source: Myhrvold et al. 2015
Body mass (males)
Value: 3574.5
Range: 3516.5 - 3579
Units: g
Source: Myhrvold et al. 2015
Body mass (sex unknown)
Value: 2495
Range: 2277 - 3052
Units: g
Source: Myhrvold et al. 2015
Value:
Range: 1720 - 3200
Units: g
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Tail length (females)
Value: 11.3
Range: 11.3 - 11.3
Units: cm
Sample: 1
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Tail length (males)
Value: 14.4333
Range: 13.3 - 15.2
Units: cm
Sample: 3
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Tail length (sex unknown)
Value: 13.65
Range: 11.3 - 15.2
Units: cm
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Tarsus length (females)
Value: 22.2
Range: 22.2 - 22.2
Units: cm
Sample: 1
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Tarsus length (males)
Value: 25.2667
Range: 24.3 - 26
Units: cm
Sample: 3
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Tarsus length (sex unknown)
Value: 24.5
Range: 22.2 - 26
Units: cm
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Wing length (females)
Value: 37.3
Range: 37.3 - 37.3
Units: cm
Sample: 1
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Hand-Wing Index (females)
Value: 211
Range: 211 - 211
Units: %
Sample: 1
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Hand-Wing Index (males)
Value: 232
Range: 226 - 238
Units: %
Sample: 3
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Hand-Wing Index (unknown)
Value: 226.75
Range: 211 - 238
Units: %
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Kipps distance (females)
Value: 16.2
Range: 16.2 - 16.2
Units: cm
Sample: 1
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Kipps distance (males)
Value: 17.9333
Range: 17.7 - 18.2
Units: cm
Sample: 3
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Kipps distance (unknown)
Value: 17.5
Range: 16.2 - 18.2
Units: cm
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Wing length (males)
Value: 41.1333
Range: 40.3 - 41.7
Units: cm
Sample: 3
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Wing length (females) - secondary1
Value: 21.1
Range: 21.1 - 21.1
Units: cm
Sample: 1
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Wing length (males) - secondary1
Value: 23.2
Range: 22.6 - 23.8
Units: cm
Sample: 3
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Wing length (unknown) - secondary1
Value: 22.675
Range: 21.1 - 23.8
Units: cm
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Wing length (sex unknown)
Value: 40.175
Range: 37.3 - 41.7
Units: cm
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Nest characteristics
Description of physical nest (shape, etc.)
Value: cup, bowl
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Eggs
Egg mass
Value: 142
Range: 142 - 142.7
Units: g
Source: Myhrvold et al. 2015
Reproduction
Age at first breeding
Value: 3.325928734
Units: years
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Value: 3
Units: years
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Age at first breeding (females)
Value: 5
Range: 2.5 - 6
Units: years
Source: Myhrvold et al. 2015
Age at first breeding (males)
Value: 5.5
Range: 5 - 6
Units: years
Source: Myhrvold et al. 2015
Clutch size
Value: 1
Range: 1 - 2
Units: n
Source: Myhrvold et al. 2015
Value:
Range: 1 - 1
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Value: 1
Units: n
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Colonial species
Value: 1: Yes
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Fledging period
Value:
Range: 70 - 80
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Value: 68.5
Range: 65 - 72.5
Units: days
Source: Myhrvold et al. 2015
Number of breeding attempts per year
Value: 1.5
Range: 1.5 - 1.5
Units: n/year
Source: Myhrvold et al. 2015
Sex of bird sitting on eggs/nest
Value: Both
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Incubation period
Value:
Range: 27 - 31
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Value: 29.75
Range: 28 - 32
Units: days
Source: Myhrvold et al. 2015
Interval between breeding attempts
Value: 0.75
Range: 0.5 - 1
Units: years
Source: Myhrvold et al. 2015
Leks
Value: 0: No
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
How nests are connected to supporting objects
Value: Basal
Source: Chia et al. 2023
Location where nests are constructed
Value: Ground; Cliff_Bank; Waterbody
Source: Chia et al. 2023
Value: Ground
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Nest has an 'artificial' location
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has an 'earth hole' location
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'ground' location
Value: yes
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'rock' location
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'tree hole' location
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'vegetation' location
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'water' location
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest structure
Value: Scrape; Platform
Source: Chia et al. 2023
Nest has a 'cavity' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'clearing' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'cup' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'dome' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'dome-and-tube' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has an 'excavation' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'excavation-with-nest' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'mound' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'none' structure
Value: yes
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'platform' structure
Value: yes
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'ring' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'scrape' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Parasitic breeding
Value: False
Source: Chia et al. 2023
Survival
Adult annual survival rate
Value: 0.915132337
Units: annual rate
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Average generation length (years)
Value: 13.99
Units: years
Source: Birdlife 2024
Value: 12.75575929
Range: 11.98009773 - 14.10897972
Units: years
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Maximum age
Value: 40
Units: years
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Value: 32.31628709
Units: years
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Value: 50
Range: 13.16666667 - 50
Units: years
Source: Myhrvold et al. 2015
Average survival
Value: 40
Units: years
Source: Myhrvold et al. 2015
Population decline over 10 years
Value: 7%
Range: 6% - 8%
Units: percent
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Population decline over 3 generation
Value: 24%
Range: 21% - 25%
Units: percent
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Social behaviour
Pairs and family groups
Value: 0: No
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Social flocks
Value: 0: No
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Pairs and family groups
Value: 0: No
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Solitary
Value: 0: No
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Behaviour
Inability to fly
Value: No
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
References
- AviList Core Team. 2025. AviList: The Global Avian Checklist, v2025. https://doi.org/10.2173/avilist.v2025 https://www.avilist.org/checklist/v2025/
- Bird, Jeremy & Martin, Robert & Akcakaya, H. Resit & Gilroy, James & Burfield, Ian & Garnett, Stephen & Symes, Andy & Taylor, Joe & Sekercioglu, Cagan & Butchart, Stuart. (2020). Generation lengths of the world's birds and their implications for extinction risk. Conservation Biology. 34. 10.1111/cobi.13486. https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cobi.13486
- BirdLife International. 2024. Generation lengths of the world's birds. Version 2 (November 2020). Available from https://datazone.birdlife.org https://datazone.birdlife.org//species/genlength
- Birdlife. 2005. Worldbird Database.
- Catherine Sheard, Sally E. Street, Susan D. Healy, Camille A. Troisi, Andrew D. Clark, Antonia Yovcheva, Alexis Trébaol, Karina Vanadzina, Kevin N. Lala. 2024. Nest traits for the world's birds. Global Ecology and Biogeography 33(2):206-214. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/geb.13783
- Chia, Stephanie Yuan, Yi-Ting Fang, Yi-Ting Su, Pei-Yu Tsai, Chia Hsieh, Shu-Han Tsao, Jia-Yang Juang, Chih-Ming Hung, and Mao-Ning Tuanmu. 2023. “A Global Database of Bird Nest Traits.” Scientific Data 10 (1): 923. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02837-1. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-023-02837-1
- Clements, J. F., P. C. Rasmussen, T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, A. Spencer, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, M. Smith, and C. L. Wood. 2024. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2024. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2021. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- P. Myhrvold, Nathan; Baldridge, Elita; Chan, Benjamin; Sivam, Dhileep; L. Freeman, Daniel; Ernest, S. K. Morgan (2016): An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Wiley. Collection. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3308127.v1 https://figshare.com/collections/An_amniote_life-history_database_to_perform_comparative_analyses_with_birds_mammals_and_reptiles/3308127
- Peters, J. L. 1931-1987. Check-list of Birds of the World. 15 vols. + Index. Harvard Press. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/14581
- Pigot, A.L., Sheard, C., Miller, E.T. et al. Macroevolutionary convergence connects morphological form to ecological function in birds. Nat Ecol Evol 4, 230–239 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-1070-4
- Şekercioğlu, Ç.H., Kittelberger, K.D., Mota, F.M.M. et al. BIRDBASE: A Global Dataset of Avian Biogeography, Conservation, Ecology and Life History Traits. Sci Data 12, 1558 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05615-3
- Tobias, J. et al. 2022. AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds. Ecology Letters. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13898 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ele.13898
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