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Great Auk

Pinguinus impennis (Linnaeus, C 1758)

The great auk is a species of flightless alcid that became extinct in the mid-19th century. It was the only modern species in the genus Pinguinus. It is not closely related to the birds now known as penguins, which were discovered later by Europeans and so named by sailors because of their physical resemblance to the great auk. Source: Wikipedia




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Classification
Order:
  Charadriiformes
Family:
  Alcidae
Genus:
   Pinguinus
Scientific:
  Pinguinus impennis


Original description

Citation:
  (Linnaeus, C 1758)

Reference:
   Systema Naturae ed. 10 1 p.130

Protonym:
  Alca impennis

Type locality:
  Arctic Europe.

Link:
  https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10277#page/148/mode/1up


Avibase identifiers

Avibase ID:
  57D2F32E062CB366

Avibase ID:
  avibase-57D2F32E

Short link:
  https://avibase.ca/57D2F32E


Taxonomic Serial Number:
  TSN: 177037


EXTINCT

Geographic range:

  • Pinguinus impennis: northern North Atlantic; extinct, last reported 1844
English:
Great Auk
Catalan:
Alca gegant
Czech:
alka velká
Danish:
Gejrfugl
German:
Riesenalk
Spanish:
Alca Gigante
Spanish (Spain):
Alca Gigante
Finnish:
siivetönruokki
French:
Grand Pingouin
Croatian:
Velika njorka
Hungarian:
óriásalka
Icelandic:
Geirfugl
Italian:
Alca impenne
Japanese (romaji):
ooumigarasu
Japanese:
オオウミガラス
Lithuanian:
Didžioji alka
Dutch:
Reuzenalk
Norwegian:
Geirfugl
Polish:
alka olbrzymia
Portuguese:
Torda-grande
Portuguese (Portugal):
torda-gigante
Russian:
Бескрылая гагарка
Slovak:
alka veľká
Serbian:
Velika njorka
Swedish:
garfågel
Ukrainian:
Гагарка велика
Chinese:
大海雀
Chinese (Traditional):
大海雀1844滅絕


Authorities recognizing this taxonomic concept:

American Ornithologists' Union 1st edition (1886):
Great Auk ( Plautus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 1st edition (incl. 1st suppl.):
Great Auk ( Plautus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 1st edition (incl. 2nd suppl.):
Great Auk ( Plautus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 1st edition (incl. 3rd suppl.):
Great Auk ( Plautus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 1st edition (incl. 4th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Plautus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 1st edition (incl. 5th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Plautus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 1st edition (incl. 6th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Plautus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 1st edition (incl. 7th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Plautus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 2nd edition (1895):
Great Auk ( Plautus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 2nd edition (incl. 8th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Plautus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 2nd edition (incl. 9th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Plautus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 2nd edition (incl. 10th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Plautus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 2nd edition (incl. 11th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Plautus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 2nd edition (incl. 12th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Plautus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 2nd edition (incl. 13th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Plautus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 2nd edition (incl. 14th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Plautus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 2nd edition (incl. 15th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Plautus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 3rd edition (1910):
Great Auk ( Plautus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 3rd edition (incl. 16th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Plautus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 3rd edition (incl. 17th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Plautus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 3rd edition (incl. 18th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Plautus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 4th edition (1931):
Great Auk ( Plautus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 4th edition (incl. 19th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 4th edition (incl. 20th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 4th edition (incl. 21st suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 4th edition (incl. 22nd suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 4th edition (incl. 23rd suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 4th edition (incl. 24th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 4th edition (incl. 25th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 4th edition (incl. 26th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 4th edition (incl. 27th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 4th edition (incl. 28th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 4th edition (incl. 29th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 4th edition (incl. 30th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 4th edition (incl. 31st suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 5th edition (1957):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 5th edition (incl. 32nd suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 5th edition (incl. 33rd suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 5th edition (incl. 34th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 6th edition (1983):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 6th edition (incl. 35th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 6th edition (incl. 36th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 6th edition (incl. 37th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 6th edition (incl. 38th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 6th edition (incl. 39th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 6th edition (incl. 40th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 6th edition (incl. 41st suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (1998):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 42nd suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 43rd suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 44th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 45th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 46th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 47th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 48th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 49th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 50th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 51st suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 52nd suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 53rd suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 54th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 55th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 56th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 57th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Society 7th edition (incl. 58th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Society 7th edition (incl. 59th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Society 7th edition (incl. 60th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Society 7th edition (incl. 61st suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Society 7th edition (incl. 61st suppl. and addendum):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Society 7th edition (incl. 62nd suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Society 7th edition (incl. 63rd suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Society 7th edition (incl. 64th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
American Ornithologists' Society 7th edition (incl. 65th suppl.):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Avibase taxonomic concepts (current):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 2023 (May 2023):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 2024 (Oct 2024):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 01 (August 2013):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 02 (May 2014):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 03 (March 2015):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 04 (Aug 2016):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 05 (Jan 2017):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 06 (Feb 2018):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 07 (Feb 2020):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 08 (Feb 2021):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Birdlife checklist version 00:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Birdlife checklist version 01:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Birdlife checklist version 02:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Birdlife checklist version 03:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Birdlife checklist version 04:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Birdlife checklist version 05 (Jun 2012):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Birdlife checklist version 05.1 (Oct 2012):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Birdlife checklist version 06 (Nov 2013):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Birdlife checklist version 06.1 (Feb 2014):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Birdlife checklist version 07 (Jul 2014):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Birdlife checklist version 08 (Oct 2015):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Birdlife checklist version 09 (Dec 2016):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Birdlife checklist version 09.1 (Jun 2017):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v2 (Dec 2017):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v3 (Nov 2018):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v4 (Dec 2019):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v5 (Dec 2020):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v6 (Dec 2021):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v6b (Jul 2022):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v7 (Dec 2022):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v8 (Dec 2023):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v9 (Oct 2024):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
British Ornithologists' Union Checklist (7th edition):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
British Ornithologists' Union Checklist (7th edition, incl. Jan 2009 suppl.):
Great Auk 1 ( Pinguinus impennis)
Commission internationale pour les noms français des oiseaux (1993, révision 2009):
Grand Pingouin ( Pinguinus impennis)
Commission internationale pour les noms français des oiseaux (1993):
Grand Pingouin ( Pinguinus impennis)
Clements, version 2021:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Clements, version 2022:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Clements, version 2023:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Clements, version 2024:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Clements 3rd edition:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Clements 4th edition:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Clements 5th edition (as published):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2000 revisions):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2001 revisions):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2002 revisions):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2003 revisions):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2004 revisions):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2005 revisions):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Clements 6th edition:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Clements 6th edition (incl. 2007 revisions):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Clements 6th edition (incl. 2008 revisions):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Clements 6th edition (incl. 2009 revisions):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Clements 6th edition (version 6.5 incl. 2010 revisions):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Clements 6th edition (version 6.6 incl. 2011 revisions):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Clements 6th edition (version 6.7 incl. 2012 revisions):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Clements 6th edition (version 6.8 incl. 2013 revisions):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Clements 6th edition (version 6.9 incl. 2014 revisions):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Clements, version 2015:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Clements, version 2016:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Clements, version 2017:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Clements, version 2018:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Clements, version 2019:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
eBird version 1.50:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
eBird version 1.52:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
eBird version 1.53:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
eBird version 1.54:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
eBird version 1.55:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
eBird version 2015:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
eBird version 2016:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
eBird version 2017:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
eBird version 2018:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
eBird version 2019:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
eBird version 2021:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
eBird version 2022:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
eBird version 2023:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
eBird version 2024:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (as published):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 1.2):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 2.1):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 3.1):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 4):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 5):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 6):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 7):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 8):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Howard and Moore 4th edition (vol. 1-2):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Howard and Moore 4th edition (incl. corrigenda vol.1-2):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Handbook of the Birds of the World and Birdlife (Dec 2017):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Handbook of the Birds of the World and Birdlife (Dec 2018):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
IOC World Bird Names, version 3.1:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
IOC World Bird Names, version 3.2:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
IOC World Bird Names, version 3.3:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
IOC World Bird Names, version 3.4:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
IOC World Bird Names, version 3.5:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
IOC World Bird Names, version 4.1:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
IOC World Bird Names, version 4.2:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
IOC World Bird Names, version 4.3:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
IOC World Bird Names, version 4.4:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
IOC World Bird Names, version 5.1:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
IOC World Bird Names, version 5.2:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
IOC World Bird Names, version 5.3:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
IOC World Bird Names, version 5.4:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
IOC World Bird Names, version 6.1:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
IOC World Bird Names, version 6.2:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
IOC World Bird Names, version 6.3:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
IOC World Bird Names, version 6.4:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
IOC World Bird Names, version 7.1:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
IOC World Bird Names, version 7.2:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
IOC World Bird Names, version 7.3:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
IOC World Bird Names, version 8.1:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
IOC World Bird Names, version 8.2:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
IOC World Bird Names, version 9.1:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
IOC World Bird Names, version 9.2:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
IOC World Bird Names, version 10.1:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
IOC World Bird Names, version 10.2:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
IOC World Bird Names, version 11.1:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
IOC World Bird Names, version 11.2:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
IOC World Bird Names, version 12.1:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
IOC World Bird Names, version 12.2:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
IOC World Bird Names, version 13.1:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
IOC World Bird Names, version 13.2:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
IOC World Bird Names, version 14.1:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
IOC World Bird Names, version 14.2:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Morony, Bock and Farrand:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Peters' Check-list of the Birds:
Pinguinus impennis
Peters' Check-list of the Birds (original):
Pinguinus impennis
Peters' Check-list of the Birds (2nd edition):
Pinguinus impennis
Sibley and Monroe (1993):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Sibley and Monroe (1993, including corrections up to 1998):
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Sibley and Monroe, Birds of the World Version 2.0:
Great Auk ( Pinguinus impennis)
Zoonomen - Zoological Nomenclature Resource:
Pinguinus impennis
Zoonomen - Zoological Nomenclature Resource:
Pinguinus impennis

Taxonomic status:

Species status: full species

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Related taxa

Highlight taxa in a checklist (shown in red)

Other synonyms

See also the taxonomic synonyms table.


Afrikaans: Reusealk
Belarusian: Бяскрылая гагарка
Bulgarian: Гигантска гагарка
Bengali: ফৃ঴ৎ ি঄ক
Bengali (transliteration): br̥haṯ aka
Breton: God bras
Catalan: Alca gegant, Pingüí boreal
Montenegrin: velika njorka, велика њорка
Montenegrin (Cyrillic): велика њорка
Czech: alka velká
Welsh: Carfil mawr
Danish: Gejrfugl
German: Riesenalk
Greek: Μεγάλη άλκα
English: Great Auk, Great Auk 1, siivetön ruokki
English, HBW: Great Auk
English (IOC): Great Auk
English (United States): Great Auk
Esperanto: Granda aŭko
Spanish: Alca Gigante, Pingüino
Spanish (Spain): Alca Gigante
Spanish (HBW): Great Auk
Estonian: hiidalk
Basque: Pinguino handi
Finnish: Siivetönruokki
Faroese: Gorfuglur
French: Grand Pingouin
Frisian: Grutte alk
Irish: Falcóg Mhór
Gaelic: Gearbhul, Gearrbhul
Galician: Arao xigante
Manx: Awk
Croatian: Velika njorka
Hungarian: óriásalka
Icelandic: Geirfugl
Italian: Alca impenne
Japanese (romaji): ooumigarasu
Japanese: オオウミガラス
Kara-Kalpak: қанатсыз гагарка, қанатсыз теңиз үйреги
Kazakh: қанатсыз гагарка
Greenlandic: Isarukitsoq
Cornish: Auk bras
Kirghiz: канатсыз гагарка
Scientific: Alca borealis, Alca impennis, Pinguinis impennis, Pinguinus impennis, Plautus impennis
Lithuanian: Didžioji alka
Latvian: milzu alks
Macedonian: Голема норка
Dutch: Reuzenalk
Norwegian: Geirfugl
Polish: alka olbrzymia
Portuguese: Torda-grande
Portuguese (Portugal): torda-gigante
Rhaeto-Romance: Giazla marina giganta
Romanian: Pinguin mare
Russian: Бескрылая гагарка
Northern Sami: Soajáhis ruohki
Slovak: alka veľká
Slovenian: orjaška njorka
Serbian: Velika njorka
Swedish: Garfågel
Turkish: Büyük Alk
Ukrainian: Гагарка велика
Uzbek: қанотсиз гагарка
Kalmyk: җиврго гоога
Chinese: 大海雀
Chinese (Traditional): 大海雀, 大海雀1844滅絕

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