A raft of this species overwintered in an narrow elongated lagoon on a residential island on the coast of Georgia. The vocalizations are that of the males alone, accompanied by head bobbing in an apparent display for breeding or nest primacy as might be expected on the nesting grounds.. This recording has little editing other than the removal of selected man-made sounds and a slight boost in amplification. The recording was captured by a home-made 20 inch parabolic reflector with a cardioid microphone.

bird-seen:yes

playback-used:no

The bird was flying in a counter-clockwise circle 20 meters above my head until it settled back into the marsh.

bird-seen:yes

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No boost nor noise reduction used.

bird-seen:yes

playback-used:no

female calling in response to two males interacting

bird-seen:yes

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This was recorded in a congregation of this species. The bucking behavior and the growl seem to start spontaneously. First one , a second, and then many of the males, but no t all, perform this ritual on the many shallow man-made lagoons on this island. Recording was done with Sennheiser ME67 and Sound Devices 722. Gain was increased slightly and a noise reduction pass was made.

bird-seen:yes

playback-used:no

Habitat: wooded stream, mature mixed forest.

bird-seen:yes

playback-used:no