Llistas d'ocells - taxonomia - distribució - mapes - vincles
Benvinguda Convidat
estornell metàl·lic
Lamprotornis purpureus (Müller, PLS 1776)
The purple starling, also known as the purple glossy starling, is a member of the starling family of birds. Source: Wikipedia
Fotografia extreta de flickr.com.
Passeriformes
Família:
Sturnidae
Gènere:
Lamprotornis
Nom científic:
Lamprotornis purpureus
Classificació
Ordre:Passeriformes
Família:
Sturnidae
Gènere:
Lamprotornis
Nom científic:
Lamprotornis purpureus
Descripció original
Cita:
(Müller, PLS 1776)
Referència:
Linné vollst. Natursyst. Suppl. Reg. Bd.
Protònim:
Turdus purpureus
Tipus localitat:
Juida [= Dahomey, West Africa].
Enllaç:
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/218386#page/163/mode/1up
Identificadors d'Avibase
Avibase ID:
6A0BA87AC4C0BF52
Avibase ID:
avibase-6A0BA87A
Enllaç curt:
https://avibase.ca/6A0BA87A
Número de sèrie taxonòmic:
TSN: 560686
Gamma geogràfica:
- Lamprotornis purpureus: savanna and scrub including around villages from lowlands to hills from far southern Mauritania and western Senegal, and in southern Ghana, eastward to southern South Sudan and western Kenya
- Lamprotornis purpureus purpureus: Senegal to Cameroon
- Lamprotornis purpureus amethystinus: Cameroon to western Kenya
Purple Glossy-Starling
Búlgar:
Лилав скорец
Català:
estornell metàl·lic
Txec:
leskoptev fialová
Danès:
Purpurglansstær
Alemany:
Purpurglanzstar
Esperanto:
purpura sturno
Espanyol:
Estornino Purpúreo
Spanish (Spain):
Estornino Purpúreo
Estonià:
purpur-kuldnokk
Finès:
viikunakottarainen
Francès:
Choucador pourpré
Hebreu:
זרזיר בוהק/כחול לחיים
Croat:
zlatnooki čvorak
Hongarès:
ibolyás fényseregély
Islandès:
Purpurastari
Italià:
Storno splendente purpureo
Japonès:
murasakiterimukudori
japonès:
ムラサキテリムクドリ
Lituà:
Purpurinis blizgusis varnėnas
Holandès:
Purperglansspreeuw
Noruec:
Purpurglansstare
Noruec:
Purpurglansstær
Polonès:
błyszczak purpurowy
Portuguès:
Melro-metálico-cardeal
Portuguese (Portugal):
estorninho-purpúreo
Rus:
Пурпурный спрео
Eslovac:
liskavec purpurový
Serbi:
Ljubičasti čvorak
Suec:
purpurglansstare
Turc:
Erguvani parlak sığırcık
Ucraïnès:
Мерл пурпуровий
Xinès:
紫辉椋鸟
Chinese (Traditional):
紫色輝椋鳥
Autoritats que reconeixen el concept taxonòmic:
| African Bird Club Checklist 2004: Purple Glossy Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| African Bird Club Checklist August 2005: Purple Glossy Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| African Bird Club Checklist March 2007: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| African Bird Club Checklist January 2008: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| African Bird Club Checklist May 2009: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| African Bird Club Checklist March 2010: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Avibase taxonomic concepts (current): Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 2023 (May 2023): Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 2024 (Oct 2024): Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 2025 (Nov 2025): Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 01 (August 2013): Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 02 (May 2014): Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 03 (March 2015): Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 04 (Aug 2016): Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 05 (Jan 2017): Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 06 (Feb 2018): Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 07 (Feb 2020): Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 08 (Feb 2021): Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Avilist 2025: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Birdlife checklist version 00: Purple Glossy-starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Birdlife checklist version 01: Purple Glossy-starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Birdlife checklist version 02: Purple Glossy-starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Birdlife checklist version 03: Purple Glossy-starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Birdlife checklist version 04: Purple Glossy-starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Birdlife checklist version 05 (Jun 2012): Purple Glossy-starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Birdlife checklist version 05.1 (Oct 2012): Purple Glossy-starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Birdlife checklist version 06 (Nov 2013): Purple Glossy-starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Birdlife checklist version 06.1 (Feb 2014): Purple Glossy-starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Birdlife checklist version 07 (Jul 2014): Purple Glossy-starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Birdlife checklist version 08 (Oct 2015): Purple Glossy-starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Birdlife checklist version 09 (Dec 2016): Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Birdlife checklist version 09.1 (Jun 2017): Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v2 (Dec 2017): Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v3 (Nov 2018): Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v4 (Dec 2019): Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v5 (Dec 2020): Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v6 (Dec 2021): Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v6b (Jul 2022): Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v7 (Dec 2022): Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v8 (Dec 2023): Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v9 (Oct 2024): Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v10 (Oct 2025): Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Commission internationale pour les noms français des oiseaux (1993, révision 2009): Choucador pourpré ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Commission internationale pour les noms français des oiseaux (1993): Choucador pourpré ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Clements 1st edition: Purple Glossy Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Clements, version 2021: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Clements, version 2022: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Clements, version 2023: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Clements, version 2024: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Clements, version 2025: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Clements 3rd edition: Purple Glossy Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Clements 4th edition: Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Clements 5th edition (as published): Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Clements 5th edition (incl. 2000 revisions): Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Clements 5th edition (incl. 2001 revisions): Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Clements 5th edition (incl. 2002 revisions): Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Clements 5th edition (incl. 2003 revisions): Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Clements 5th edition (incl. 2004 revisions): Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Clements 5th edition (incl. 2005 revisions): Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Clements 6th edition: Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Clements 6th edition (incl. 2007 revisions): Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Clements 6th edition (incl. 2008 revisions): Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Clements 6th edition (incl. 2009 revisions): Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Clements 6th edition (version 6.5 incl. 2010 revisions): Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Clements 6th edition (version 6.6 incl. 2011 revisions): Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Clements 6th edition (version 6.7 incl. 2012 revisions): Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Clements 6th edition (version 6.8 incl. 2013 revisions): Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Clements 6th edition (version 6.9 incl. 2014 revisions): Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Clements, version 2015: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Clements, version 2016: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Clements, version 2017: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Clements, version 2018: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Clements, version 2019: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| eBird version 1.50: Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| eBird version 1.52: Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| eBird version 1.53: Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| eBird version 1.54: Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| eBird version 1.55: Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| eBird version 2015: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| eBird version 2016: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| eBird version 2017: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| eBird version 2018: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| eBird version 2019: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| eBird version 2021: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| eBird version 2022: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| eBird version 2023: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| eBird version 2024: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| eBird version 2025: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Howard and Moore 2nd edition: Purple Glossy Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Howard and Moore 2nd edition (incl. ? suppl): Purple Glossy Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Howard and Moore 3rd edition (as published): Purple Glossy Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 1.2): Purple Glossy Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 2.1): Purple Glossy Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 3.1): Purple Glossy Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 4): Purple Glossy Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 5): Purple Glossy Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 6): Purple Glossy Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 7): Purple Glossy Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 8): Purple Glossy Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Howard and Moore 4th edition (vol. 1-2): Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Howard and Moore 4th edition (incl. corrigenda vol.1-2): Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Handbook of the Birds of the World (vol 1-16): Purple Glossy Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (31/01/2015): Purple Glossy Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (03/07/2017): Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Handbook of the Birds of the World and Birdlife (Dec 2017): Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Handbook of the Birds of the World and Birdlife (Dec 2018): Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 1.0: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 1.1: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 1.5: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 1.6: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 1.7: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 2.0: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 2.1: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 2.2: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 2.3: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 2.4: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 2.5: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 2.6: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 2.7: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 2.8: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 2.9: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 2.10: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 2.11: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 3.1: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 3.2: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 3.3: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 3.4: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 3.5: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 4.1: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 4.2: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 4.3: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 4.4: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 5.1: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 5.2: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 5.3: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 5.4: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 6.1: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 6.2: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 6.3: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 6.4: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 7.1: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 7.2: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 7.3: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 8.1: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 8.2: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 9.1: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 9.2: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 10.1: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 10.2: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 11.1: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 11.2: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 12.1: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 12.2: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 13.1: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 13.2: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 14.1: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 14.2: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 15.1: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 15.2: Purple Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Morony, Bock and Farrand: Purple Glossy Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Peters' Check-list of the Birds: Lamprotornis purpureus [version 1] |
| Peters' Check-list of the Birds (original): Lamprotornis purpureus [version 1] |
| Peters' Check-list of the Birds (2nd edition): Lamprotornis purpureus [version 1] |
| Sibley and Monroe (1993): Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Sibley and Monroe (1993, including corrections up to 1998): Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Sibley and Monroe, Birds of the World Version 2.0: Purple Glossy-Starling ( Lamprotornis purpureus) [version 1] |
| Zoonomen - Zoological Nomenclature Resource: Lamprotornis purpureus [version 1] |
| Zoonomen - Zoological Nomenclature Resource: Lamprotornis purpureus [version 1] |
Situació Taxonòmica:
Estatus de l'espècie: full species
Els vostres avistaments
Heu de tenir iniciat la sessió per veure els detalls d'observació. Per registrar-vos a myAvibase feu clic aquí .
Altres sinònims
Consulteu també la taula sinònims taxonòmics.
Búlgar: Лилав скорец
Català: estornell metàl·lic, Estornell metàl·lic purpuri, Estornell metàllic purpuri
Txec: leskoptev fialová, Leskoptev purpurová
Danès: Purpurglansstær
Alemany: Purpurglanzstar, Purpur-Glanzstar
Anglès: Purple Glossy Starling, Purple Glossy-Starling, Purple Starling
English (Avilist): Purple Starling
English, HBW: Purple Starling
English (IOC): Purple Starling
English (Kenya): Purple Starling
English (United States): Purple Starling
English (South Africa): Purple Glossy Starling
Esperanto: Purpura brilsturno, Purpura lamprotorno, purpura sturno
Espanyol: Estornino Brillante Morado, Estornino Purpúreo
Spanish (Spain): Estornino Purpúreo
Spanish (HBW): Purple Starling
Estonià: purpur-kuldnokk
Finès: Viikunakottarainen
Francès: Choucador pourpré, Étourneau métallique pourpré, Merle bronzé pourpre, Merle métallique pourpré
French (Guyane): Choucador pourpré
Hebreu: זרזיר בוהק/כחול לחיים
Croat: zlatnooki čvorak
Hongarès: ibolyás fényseregély
Islandès: Purpurastari
Italià: Storno splendente purpureo, Storno splendente viola, Storno splendido purpureo
Japonès: murasakiterimukudori
japonès: ムラサキテリムクドリ
científic: Lamprocolius purpureus, Lamprotornis purpureus, Lamprotornis purpureus purpureus, Turdus auratus, Turdus purpureus
Lituà: Purpurinis blizgusis varnėnas
Holandès: Purperglansspreeuw
Noruec: Purpurglansstare
Noruec: Purpurglansstær
Polonès: blyszczak purpurowy, błyszczak purpurowy
Portuguès: Melro-metálico-cardeal
Portuguese (Portugal): Estorninho-metálico-de-cauda-curta, estorninho-purpúreo
Rus: Пурпурный блестящий скворец, Пурпурный спрео
Eslovac: liskavec purpurový
Serbi: Ljubičasti čvorak
Suec: Purpurglansstare
Suahili: Kuzi Zambarau
Turc: Erguvani parlak sığırcık
Ucraïnès: Мерл пурпуровий
Xinès: 紫辉椋鸟
Chinese (Hong Kong): 紫輝椋鳥
Chinese (Traditional): 紫色輝椋鳥
Avibase ha rebut 505.068.586 visites des del 24 de juny de 2003. © Denis Lepage | normes de confidencialitat La traducció i adaptació d'aquesta pàgina al català ha sigut realitzada per Joan Carles Fernández-Ordóñez
