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Prosopeia personata (Gray, GR 1848)
Verwandte Taxa:
Species distribution
Geographical range
Value: Fiji (Viti Levu); may have formerly occurred also on Ovalau and Bau
Source: Clements 2021
Value: Fiji Islands: Viti Levu, Mbau and Ovalau. Perhaps now confined to Viti Levu.
Source: Peter's Checklist of the Birds of the World
Value: Fiji (Viti Levu); may have formerly occurred also on Ovalau and Bau
Source: Clements, version 2024
Value: Fiji (Viti Levu); may have formerly occurred also on Ovalau and Bau
Source: Avilist 2025
Maximum latitude of breeding range
Value: -17.31
Units: degrees
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Minimum latitude of breeding range
Value: -18.27
Units: degrees
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Centroid latitude
Value: -17.83
Units: degrees
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Value: -17.83
Units: degrees
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Centroid longitude
Value: 177.97
Units: degrees
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Breeding restricted to island(s)
Value: 1
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Latitudinal range
Value: Tropical
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Migration strategy
Value: Not a Migrant
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Value: Sedentary
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Total range size
Value: 10448.85
Units: km2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Value: < 50000
Units: km2
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Value: 11800
Units: km2
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Realm
Value: Oceania
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Value: Oceania
Source: Pigot et al. 2020
Sedentary, largely does not migrate
Value: 1: Yes
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Range and population size
Has restricted range?
Value: Y
Source: Birdlife's Worldbird Database
Habitat
Altitude
Value:
Range: 0 - 1200
Units: m
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Value:
Range: 0 - 1200
Units: m
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Altitude range
Value: 1200
Units: m
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Number of major habitats used
Value: 1
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Habitat density (1-3)
Value: Dense habitats
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Habitat description
Value: Forest
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Value: FOREST
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Primary lifestyle
Value: DIURNAL
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Value: Terrestrial
Source: Bird et al. 2020
First habitat
Value: F: Forest, secondary forest, swamp forest, tree-fall gaps, taiga, igapo, varzea
Units: rank
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Food and feeding habits
Number of major food types consumed
Value: 4
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Source used for diet data
Value: 1
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Main food source
Value: Herbivore
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Value: Omnivore
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Ecological Specialization Index
Value: 1.39794
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Trophic level
Value: Herbivore
Source: Pigot et al. 2020
Value: Herbivore
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Trophic niche
Value: Omnivore
Source: Pigot et al. 2020
Value: Omnivore
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Weight of fish in diet
Value: 0
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of fruits in diet
Value: 4
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of invertebrates in diet
Value: 1
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of land vertebrates in diet
Value: 0
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of miscellaneous in diet
Value: 0
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of nectar in diet
Value: Trace
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of plant material in diet
Value: 1
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of scavenging in diet
Value: 0
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of seeds in diet
Value: 4
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Sum of the weighted diets
Value: 10
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Body measurements
Bill depth (females)
Value: 3.035
Range: 3.03 - 3.04
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill depth (males)
Value: 3.703
Range: 3.559 - 3.98
Units: cm
Sample: 3
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill depth (sex unknown)
Value: 3.437
Range: 3.03 - 3.98
Units: cm
Sample: 6
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill length (females) - Culmen
Value: 3.235
Range: 3.19 - 3.28
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill length (males) - Culmen
Value: 3.77367
Range: 3.65 - 3.91
Units: cm
Sample: 3
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill length (females) - Nares to tip
Value: 2.58
Range: 2.57 - 2.59
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill length (males) - Nares to tip
Value: 2.785
Range: 2.51 - 3.06
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill length (sex unknown) - Nares to tip
Value: 2.6825
Range: 2.51 - 3.06
Units: cm
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill length (sex unknown) - Culmen
Value: 3.60583
Range: 3.19 - 3.91
Units: cm
Sample: 6
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill width (females)
Value: 1.545
Range: 1.54 - 1.55
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill width (males)
Value: 1.71767
Range: 1.57 - 1.91
Units: cm
Sample: 3
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill width (sex unknown)
Value: 1.6815
Range: 1.54 - 1.91
Units: cm
Sample: 6
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Body mass
Value: 40.3
Units: g
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Value: 163.71
Units: grams
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Value: 40.3
Units: g
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Body mass (females)
Value:
Range: 40.3 -
Units: g
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Tail length (females)
Value: 20.75
Range: 20.7 - 20.8
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Tail length (males)
Value: 22.8333
Range: 21.9 - 24.4
Units: cm
Sample: 3
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Tail length (sex unknown)
Value: 22.1
Range: 20.7 - 24.4
Units: cm
Sample: 6
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Tarsus length (females)
Value: 2.775
Range: 2.66 - 2.89
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Tarsus length (males)
Value: 2.69533
Range: 2.496 - 2.85
Units: cm
Sample: 3
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Tarsus length (sex unknown)
Value: 2.714
Range: 2.496 - 2.89
Units: cm
Sample: 6
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Wing length (females)
Value: 22.15
Range: 22 - 22.3
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Hand-Wing Index (females)
Value: 158.9
Range: 157.3 - 160.5
Units: %
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Hand-Wing Index (males)
Value: 163.25
Range: 162.3 - 164.2
Units: %
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Hand-Wing Index (unknown)
Value: 161.075
Range: 157.3 - 164.2
Units: %
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Kipps distance (females)
Value: 6.26
Range: 5.95 - 6.57
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Kipps distance (males)
Value: 7.425
Range: 7.27 - 7.58
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Kipps distance (unknown)
Value: 6.8425
Range: 5.95 - 7.58
Units: cm
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Wing length (males)
Value: 24.0667
Range: 23.5 - 24.7
Units: cm
Sample: 3
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Wing length (females) - secondary1
Value: 15.89
Range: 15.73 - 16.05
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Wing length (males) - secondary1
Value: 16.325
Range: 16.23 - 16.42
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Wing length (unknown) - secondary1
Value: 16.1075
Range: 15.73 - 16.42
Units: cm
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Wing length (sex unknown)
Value: 23.2167
Range: 22 - 24.7
Units: cm
Sample: 6
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Nest characteristics
Description of physical nest (shape, etc.)
Value: cavity (tree)
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Reproduction
Age at first breeding
Value: 1.869323036
Units: years
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Clutch size
Value:
Range: 2 - 2
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Value: 2
Units: n
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Colonial species
Value: 0: No
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Sex of bird sitting on eggs/nest
Value: Female
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Leks
Value: 0: No
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Monogamous
Value: 1: Yes
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
How nests are connected to supporting objects
Value: Basal
Source: Chia et al. 2023
Location where nests are constructed
Value: Tree
Source: Chia et al. 2023
Value: Tree
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Nest has an 'artificial' location
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has an 'earth hole' location
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'ground' location
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'rock' location
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'tree hole' location
Value: yes
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'vegetation' location
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'water' location
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest structure
Value: Second Cavity
Source: Chia et al. 2023
Nest has a 'cavity' structure
Value: unknown
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'clearing' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'cup' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'dome' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'dome-and-tube' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has an 'excavation' structure
Value: unknown
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'excavation-with-nest' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'mound' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'none' structure
Value: unknown
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'platform' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'ring' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'scrape' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Parasitic breeding
Value: False
Source: Chia et al. 2023
Polygynous
Value: 0: No
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Survival
Adult annual survival rate
Value: 0.797018602
Units: annual rate
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Average generation length (years)
Value: 4.951925825
Range: 4.06550288 - 5.795882858
Units: years
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Value: 4.93
Units: years
Source: Birdlife 2024
Maximum age
Value: 11.8
Range: 11.8 - 11.8
Units: years
Source: Myhrvold et al. 2015
Value: 13.2020721
Units: years
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Value: 11.8
Units: years
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Average survival
Value: 11.8
Units: years
Source: Myhrvold et al. 2015
Population decline over 10 years
Value: 18%
Range: 14% - 21%
Units: percent
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Population decline over 3 generation
Value: 24%
Range: 20% - 29%
Units: percent
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Social behaviour
Pairs and family groups
Value: 1: Yes
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Social flocks
Value: 0: No
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Pairs and family groups
Value: 0: No
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Solitary
Value: 0: No
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Behaviour
Inability to fly
Value: No
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
References
- AviList Core Team. 2025. AviList: The Global Avian Checklist, v2025. https://doi.org/10.2173/avilist.v2025 https://www.avilist.org/checklist/v2025/
- Bird, Jeremy & Martin, Robert & Akcakaya, H. Resit & Gilroy, James & Burfield, Ian & Garnett, Stephen & Symes, Andy & Taylor, Joe & Sekercioglu, Cagan & Butchart, Stuart. (2020). Generation lengths of the world's birds and their implications for extinction risk. Conservation Biology. 34. 10.1111/cobi.13486. https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cobi.13486
- BirdLife International. 2024. Generation lengths of the world's birds. Version 2 (November 2020). Available from https://datazone.birdlife.org https://datazone.birdlife.org//species/genlength
- Birdlife. 2005. Worldbird Database.
- Catherine Sheard, Sally E. Street, Susan D. Healy, Camille A. Troisi, Andrew D. Clark, Antonia Yovcheva, Alexis Trébaol, Karina Vanadzina, Kevin N. Lala. 2024. Nest traits for the world's birds. Global Ecology and Biogeography 33(2):206-214. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/geb.13783
- Chia, Stephanie Yuan, Yi-Ting Fang, Yi-Ting Su, Pei-Yu Tsai, Chia Hsieh, Shu-Han Tsao, Jia-Yang Juang, Chih-Ming Hung, and Mao-Ning Tuanmu. 2023. “A Global Database of Bird Nest Traits.” Scientific Data 10 (1): 923. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02837-1. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-023-02837-1
- Clements, J. F., P. C. Rasmussen, T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, A. Spencer, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, M. Smith, and C. L. Wood. 2024. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2024. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2021. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- P. Myhrvold, Nathan; Baldridge, Elita; Chan, Benjamin; Sivam, Dhileep; L. Freeman, Daniel; Ernest, S. K. Morgan (2016): An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Wiley. Collection. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3308127.v1 https://figshare.com/collections/An_amniote_life-history_database_to_perform_comparative_analyses_with_birds_mammals_and_reptiles/3308127
- Peters, J. L. 1931-1987. Check-list of Birds of the World. 15 vols. + Index. Harvard Press. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/14581
- Pigot, A.L., Sheard, C., Miller, E.T. et al. Macroevolutionary convergence connects morphological form to ecological function in birds. Nat Ecol Evol 4, 230–239 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-1070-4
- Şekercioğlu, Ç.H., Kittelberger, K.D., Mota, F.M.M. et al. BIRDBASE: A Global Dataset of Avian Biogeography, Conservation, Ecology and Life History Traits. Sci Data 12, 1558 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05615-3
- Tobias, J. et al. 2022. AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds. Ecology Letters. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13898 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ele.13898
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