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Wrinkled Hornbill
Rhabdotorrhinus corrugatus (Temminck, CJ 1832)
Related taxa:
Species distribution
Geographical range
Value: Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo
Source: Clements, version 2024
Value: Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo
Source: Clements 2021
Value: Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo
Source: Avilist 2025
Maximum latitude of breeding range
Value: 7.25
Units: degrees
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Minimum latitude of breeding range
Value: -5.95
Units: degrees
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Centroid latitude
Value: 0.71
Units: degrees
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Value: 0.28
Units: degrees
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Centroid longitude
Value: 107.72
Units: degrees
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Nomadic, erratic, irruptive, wandering
Value: 1: Yes
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Breeding restricted to island(s)
Value: 0
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Latitudinal range
Value: Tropical
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Migration strategy
Value: Sedentary
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Value: Not a Migrant
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Total range size
Value: 2980000
Units: km2
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Value: > 50000
Units: km2
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Value: 892566.53
Units: km2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Realm
Value: Indo_Malay
Source: Pigot et al. 2020
Value: Indomalayan
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Range and population size
Has restricted range?
Value: N
Source: Birdlife's Worldbird Database
Habitat
Altitude
Value:
Range: 0 - 30
Units: m
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Value:
Range: 0 - 30
Units: m
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Minimum and maximum altitude recorded
Value:
Range: - 250
Units: m
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Altitude range
Value: 30
Units: m
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Number of major habitats used
Value: 2
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Habitat density (1-3)
Value: Dense habitats
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Habitat description
Value: Forest
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Value: primary evergreen forest, esp.swamp forest near the coast;also selectively logged but not secondary forest;lowlands-1000m
Source: http://www.noord.bart.nl/~edcolijn/bird.html
Value: FOREST
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Primary lifestyle
Value: DIURNAL
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Value: Terrestrial
Source: Bird et al. 2020
First habitat
Value: F: Forest, secondary forest, swamp forest, tree-fall gaps, taiga, igapo, varzea
Units: rank
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Second habitat
Value: C: Sea coast, mangrove, estuary, bays, shores, fjords (only sea coast), coastal dune
Units: rank
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Food and feeding habits
Number of major food types consumed
Value: 3
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Source used for diet data
Value: 1
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Main food source
Value: Fruit
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Value: FruiNect
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Ecological Specialization Index
Value: 1.22185
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Foraging niche
Value: Fugivore glean
Source: Pigot et al. 2020
Trophic level
Value: Herbivore
Source: Pigot et al. 2020
Value: Herbivore
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Trophic niche
Value: Frugivore
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Value: Frugivore
Source: Pigot et al. 2020
Weight of fish in diet
Value: 0
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of fruits in diet
Value: 8
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of invertebrates in diet
Value: 1
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of land vertebrates in diet
Value: 1
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of miscellaneous in diet
Value: 0
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of nectar in diet
Value: 0
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of plant material in diet
Value: 0
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of scavenging in diet
Value: 0
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of seeds in diet
Value: 0
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Sum of the weighted diets
Value: 10
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Body measurements
Bill depth (females)
Value: 6.18
Range: 6.11 - 6.25
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill depth (males)
Value: 7.86
Range: 7.63 - 8.09
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill depth (sex unknown)
Value: 7.02
Range: 6.11 - 8.09
Units: cm
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill length (females) - Culmen
Value: 12.6
Range: 12.6 - 12.6
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill length (males) - Culmen
Value: 16.9
Range: 16.6 - 17.2
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill length (females) - Nares to tip
Value: 10.11
Range: 10.09 - 10.13
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill length (males) - Nares to tip
Value: 14.075
Range: 13.99 - 14.16
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill length (sex unknown) - Nares to tip
Value: 12.0925
Range: 10.09 - 14.16
Units: cm
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill length (sex unknown) - Culmen
Value: 14.75
Range: 12.6 - 17.2
Units: cm
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill width (females)
Value: 3.36
Range: 3.33 - 3.39
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill width (males)
Value: 3.72
Range: 3.59 - 3.85
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill width (sex unknown)
Value: 3.54
Range: 3.33 - 3.85
Units: cm
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Body mass
Value: 1590
Units: g
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Value: 1590
Range: 1590 - 1590
Units: g
Source: Myhrvold et al. 2015
Value: 1590
Units: grams
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Value: 1590
Units: g
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Body mass (males)
Value:
Range: 1590 -
Units: g
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Value: 1590
Range: 1590 - 1590
Units: g
Source: Myhrvold et al. 2015
Tail length (females)
Value: 22.3
Range: 21.6 - 23
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Tail length (males)
Value: 23.95
Range: 23.1 - 24.8
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Tail length (sex unknown)
Value: 23.125
Range: 21.6 - 24.8
Units: cm
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Tarsus length (females)
Value: 4.68
Range: 4.57 - 4.79
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Tarsus length (males)
Value: 5.035
Range: 4.81 - 5.26
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Tarsus length (sex unknown)
Value: 4.8575
Range: 4.57 - 5.26
Units: cm
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Wing length (females)
Value: 33.5
Range: 33.1 - 33.9
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Hand-Wing Index (females)
Value: 287
Range: 286.3 - 287.7
Units: %
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Hand-Wing Index (males)
Value: 307.9
Range: 289.7 - 326.1
Units: %
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Hand-Wing Index (unknown)
Value: 297.45
Range: 286.3 - 326.1
Units: %
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Kipps distance (females)
Value: 4.8
Range: 4.33 - 5.27
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Kipps distance (males)
Value: 4.36
Range: 4.13 - 4.59
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Kipps distance (unknown)
Value: 4.58
Range: 4.13 - 5.27
Units: cm
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Wing length (males)
Value: 35.15
Range: 33.1 - 37.2
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Wing length (females) - secondary1
Value: 28.7
Range: 28.63 - 28.77
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Wing length (males) - secondary1
Value: 30.79
Range: 28.97 - 32.61
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Wing length (unknown) - secondary1
Value: 29.745
Range: 28.63 - 32.61
Units: cm
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Wing length (sex unknown)
Value: 34.325
Range: 33.1 - 37.2
Units: cm
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Nest characteristics
Description of physical nest (shape, etc.)
Value: cavity (tree)
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Reproduction
Age at first breeding
Value: 2.892026958
Units: years
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Clutch size
Value: 2.5
Units: n
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Value:
Range: 2 - 3
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Value: 2.4
Range: 2.4 - 2.4
Units: n
Source: Myhrvold et al. 2015
Colonial species
Value: 0: No
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Fledging period
Value:
Range: 65 - 73
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Sex of bird sitting on eggs/nest
Value: Female
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Incubation period
Value:
Range: 29 -
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Leks
Value: 0: No
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
How nests are connected to supporting objects
Value: Basal
Source: Chia et al. 2023
Location where nests are constructed
Value: Tree
Source: Chia et al. 2023
Value: Tree
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Nest has an 'artificial' location
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has an 'earth hole' location
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'ground' location
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'rock' location
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'tree hole' location
Value: yes
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'vegetation' location
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'water' location
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest structure
Value: Second Cavity
Source: Chia et al. 2023
Nest has a 'cavity' structure
Value: yes
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'clearing' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'cup' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'dome' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'dome-and-tube' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has an 'excavation' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'excavation-with-nest' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'mound' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'none' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'platform' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'ring' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'scrape' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Parasitic breeding
Value: False
Source: Chia et al. 2023
Value: 0: false
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Host of parasitic breeding
Value: 0: false
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Survival
Adult annual survival rate
Value: 0.84190933
Units: annual rate
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Average generation length (years)
Value: 7.466528412
Range: 7.24916368 - 8.217510935
Units: years
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Value: 10.08
Units: years
Source: Birdlife 2024
Maximum age
Value: 21.35641595
Units: years
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Population decline over 10 years
Value: 24%
Range: 11% - 40%
Units: percent
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Population decline over 3 generation
Value: 42%
Range: 24% - 60%
Units: percent
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Social behaviour
Pairs and family groups
Value: 1: Yes
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Social flocks
Value: 0: No
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Pairs and family groups
Value: 0: No
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Solitary
Value: 0: No
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Behaviour
Inability to fly
Value: No
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
References
- AviList Core Team. 2025. AviList: The Global Avian Checklist, v2025. https://doi.org/10.2173/avilist.v2025 https://www.avilist.org/checklist/v2025/
- Bird, Jeremy & Martin, Robert & Akcakaya, H. Resit & Gilroy, James & Burfield, Ian & Garnett, Stephen & Symes, Andy & Taylor, Joe & Sekercioglu, Cagan & Butchart, Stuart. (2020). Generation lengths of the world's birds and their implications for extinction risk. Conservation Biology. 34. 10.1111/cobi.13486. https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cobi.13486
- BirdLife International. 2024. Generation lengths of the world's birds. Version 2 (November 2020). Available from https://datazone.birdlife.org https://datazone.birdlife.org//species/genlength
- Birdlife. 2005. Worldbird Database.
- Birds of Indonesia http://www.noord.bart.nl/~edcolijn/bird.html
- Catherine Sheard, Sally E. Street, Susan D. Healy, Camille A. Troisi, Andrew D. Clark, Antonia Yovcheva, Alexis Trébaol, Karina Vanadzina, Kevin N. Lala. 2024. Nest traits for the world's birds. Global Ecology and Biogeography 33(2):206-214. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/geb.13783
- Chia, Stephanie Yuan, Yi-Ting Fang, Yi-Ting Su, Pei-Yu Tsai, Chia Hsieh, Shu-Han Tsao, Jia-Yang Juang, Chih-Ming Hung, and Mao-Ning Tuanmu. 2023. “A Global Database of Bird Nest Traits.” Scientific Data 10 (1): 923. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02837-1. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-023-02837-1
- Clements, J. F., P. C. Rasmussen, T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, A. Spencer, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, M. Smith, and C. L. Wood. 2024. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2024. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2021. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- P. Myhrvold, Nathan; Baldridge, Elita; Chan, Benjamin; Sivam, Dhileep; L. Freeman, Daniel; Ernest, S. K. Morgan (2016): An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Wiley. Collection. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3308127.v1 https://figshare.com/collections/An_amniote_life-history_database_to_perform_comparative_analyses_with_birds_mammals_and_reptiles/3308127
- Pigot, A.L., Sheard, C., Miller, E.T. et al. Macroevolutionary convergence connects morphological form to ecological function in birds. Nat Ecol Evol 4, 230–239 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-1070-4
- Şekercioğlu, Ç.H., Kittelberger, K.D., Mota, F.M.M. et al. BIRDBASE: A Global Dataset of Avian Biogeography, Conservation, Ecology and Life History Traits. Sci Data 12, 1558 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05615-3
- Tobias, J. et al. 2022. AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds. Ecology Letters. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13898 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ele.13898
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