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Hardhead

Aythya australis (Eyton, TC 1838)

The hardhead, also known as the white-eyed duck, is the only true diving duck found in Australia. The common name "hardhead" has nothing to do with the density of the bird's skull, instead referring to the difficulty encountered by early taxidermists in processing the head. Hardheads are found in wetter, coastal regions of Australia, particularly in the south-east, but are known to disperse as far afield as New Guinea, New Zealand, and the Pacific Islands. Source: Wikipedia




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Classification
Order:
  Anseriformes
Family:
  Anatidae
Genus:
   Aythya
Scientific:
  Aythya australis

Original description

Citation:
  (Eyton, TC 1838)

Reference:
   Monogr. Anatid.

Protonym:
  Nyroca australis

Type locality:
  Australia = New South Wales.

Link:
  https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36002298

Avibase identifiers

Avibase ID:
  ABEF107CAB6BE33B

Avibase ID:
  avibase-ABEF107C

Short link:
  https://avibase.ca/ABEF107C

Taxonomic Serial Number:
  TSN: 175136

Geographic range:

  • Aythya australis: Timor-Leste (eastern Lesser Sundas), Australia (except driest areas) including Tasmania, and Banks Islands (northern Vanuatu)
Source: Clements checklist
English:
Hardhead
Catalan:
Morell australià
Czech:
polák hnědavý
Danish:
Australsk Taffeland
German:
Tasmanmoorente
Spanish:
Porrón Australiano
Spanish (Spain):
Porrón Australiano
Finnish:
australiansotka
French:
Fuligule austral
Croatian:
australska patka
Hungarian:
ausztrál cigányréce
Icelandic:
Dokkönd
Italian:
Moretta australiana
Japanese (romaji):
o-sutorariamejirogamo
Japanese:
オーストラリアメジロガモ
Lithuanian:
Australinė šalminė antis
Dutch:
Australische Witoogeend
Norwegian Nynorsk:
Australdykkand
Norwegian:
Australdykkand
Polish:
podgorzałka australijska
Portuguese:
Zarro-australiano
Portuguese (Portugal):
Zarro-australiano
Russian:
Австралийский нырок
Slovak:
chochlačka hnedastá
Serbian:
Australijska patka njorka
Swedish:
australisk dykand
Ukrainian:
Чернь австралійська
Chinese:
澳洲潜鸭
Chinese (Traditional):
澳洲潛鴨

Authorities recognizing this taxonomic concept:

Avibase taxonomic concepts (current):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 2023 (May 2023):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 2024 (Oct 2024):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 01 (August 2013):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 02 (May 2014):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 03 (March 2015):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 04 (Aug 2016):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 05 (Jan 2017):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 06 (Feb 2018):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 07 (Feb 2020):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 08 (Feb 2021):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 00:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 01:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 02:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 03:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 04:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 05 (Jun 2012):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 05.1 (Oct 2012):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 06 (Nov 2013):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 06.1 (Feb 2014):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 07 (Jul 2014):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 08 (Oct 2015):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 09 (Dec 2016):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 09.1 (Jun 2017):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v2 (Dec 2017):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v3 (Nov 2018):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v4 (Dec 2019):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v5 (Dec 2020):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v6 (Dec 2021):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v6b (Jul 2022):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v7 (Dec 2022):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v8 (Dec 2023):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v9 (Oct 2024):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Christidis and Boles (2008): Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Commission internationale pour les noms français des oiseaux (1993, révision 2009):
Fuligule austral ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Commission internationale pour les noms français des oiseaux (1993):
Fuligule austral ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Clements 1st edition:
White-eyed Duck ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Clements, version 2021:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Clements, version 2022:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Clements, version 2023:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Clements, version 2024:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Clements 3rd edition:
White-eyed Duck ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Clements 4th edition:
White-eyed Duck ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Clements 5th edition (as published):
White-eyed Duck ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2000 revisions):
White-eyed Duck ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2001 revisions):
White-eyed Duck ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2002 revisions):
White-eyed Duck ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2003 revisions):
White-eyed Duck ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2004 revisions):
White-eyed Duck ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2005 revisions):
White-eyed Duck ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition:
White-eyed Duck ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (incl. 2007 revisions):
White-eyed Duck ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (incl. 2008 revisions):
White-eyed Duck ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (incl. 2009 revisions):
White-eyed Duck ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (version 6.5 incl. 2010 revisions):
White-eyed Duck ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (version 6.6 incl. 2011 revisions):
White-eyed Duck ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (version 6.7 incl. 2012 revisions):
White-eyed Duck ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (version 6.8 incl. 2013 revisions):
White-eyed Duck ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (version 6.9 incl. 2014 revisions):
White-eyed Duck ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Clements, version 2015:
White-eyed Duck ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Clements, version 2016:
White-eyed Duck ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Clements, version 2017:
White-eyed Duck ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Clements, version 2018:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Clements, version 2019:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
eBird version 1.50:
White-eyed Duck ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
eBird version 1.52:
White-eyed Duck ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
eBird version 1.53:
White-eyed Duck ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
eBird version 1.54:
White-eyed Duck ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
eBird version 1.55:
White-eyed Duck ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
eBird version 2015:
White-eyed Duck ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
eBird version 2016:
White-eyed Duck ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
eBird version 2017:
White-eyed Duck ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
eBird version 2018:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
eBird version 2019:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
eBird version 2021:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
eBird version 2022:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
eBird version 2023:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
eBird version 2024:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 2nd edition:
Australian White-eyed Duck ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 2nd edition (incl. ? suppl):
Australian White-eyed Duck ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (as published):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 1.2):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 2.1):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 3.1):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 4):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 5):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 6):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 7):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 8):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 4th edition (vol. 1-2):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 4th edition (incl. corrigenda vol.1-2):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Handbook of the Birds of the World (vol 1-16):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (31/01/2015):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (03/07/2017):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Handbook of the Birds of the World and Birdlife (Dec 2017):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Handbook of the Birds of the World and Birdlife (Dec 2018):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 1.0:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 1.1:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 1.5:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 1.6:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 1.7:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.0:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.1:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.2:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.3:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.4:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.5:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.6:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.7:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.8:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.9:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.10:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.11:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 3.1:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 3.2:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 3.3:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 3.4:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 3.5:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 4.1:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 4.2:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 4.3:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 4.4:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 5.1:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 5.2:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 5.3:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 5.4:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 6.1:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 6.2:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 6.3:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 6.4:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 7.1:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 7.2:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 7.3:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 8.1:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 8.2:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 9.1:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 9.2:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 10.1:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 10.2:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 11.1:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 11.2:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 12.1:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 12.2:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 13.1:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 13.2:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 14.1:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 14.2:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Morony, Bock and Farrand:
White-eyed Duck ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Oriental Bird Club:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Peters' Check-list of the Birds:
Aythya australis [version 1]
Peters' Check-list of the Birds (original):
Nyroca australis [version 1]
Peters' Check-list of the Birds (2nd edition):
Aythya australis [version 1]
Sibley and Monroe (1993):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Sibley and Monroe (1993, including corrections up to 1998):
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Sibley and Monroe, Birds of the World Version 2.0:
Hardhead ( Aythya australis) [version 1]
Zoonomen - Zoological Nomenclature Resource:
Aythya australis [version 1]
Zoonomen - Zoological Nomenclature Resource:
Aythya australis [version 1]

Taxonomic status:

Species status: full species

Your sightings

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Related taxa

Highlight taxa in a checklist (shown in red)

Other synonyms

See also the taxonomic synonyms table.


Asturian: Parru australianu
Azerbaijani: Avstraliya dalğıcı
Catalan: Morell australià
Czech: Polák hnedavý, polák hnědavý
Chuvash: Австрали улачи
Danish: Australsk Taffeland
German: Australische Moorente, Tasmanmoorente
English: Australasian White-eye, Australian Pochard, Australian White-eye, Australian White-eye Duck, Australian White-eyed Duck, Copperhead, Hardhead, White-eyed Duck, White-eyed Hardhead, White-eyed Pochard
English (Australia): Hardhead
English, HBW: Hardhead
English (IOC): Hardhead
English (United States): Hardhead
Esperanto: Aŭstralia merganaso, blankokula anaso
Spanish: Pato ojos blanco de Australia, Porrón Australiano
Spanish (Spain): Porrón Australiano
Spanish (HBW): White-eyed Duck
Estonian: austraalia vart
Finnish: Australiansotka
French: Fuligule austral, Fuligule d'Australie, Milouin d‘Australie, Nyroca austral
Irish: Póiseard súilbhán Astrálach
Croatian: australska patka
Hungarian: ausztrál cigányréce
Indonesian: Kambangan Australi, Kambangan coklat
Icelandic: Dokkönd
Italian: Moretta australiana
Japanese (romaji): oasutorariamejirogamo, o-sutorariamejirogamo
Japanese: オアストラリアメジロガモ, オーストラリアメジロガモ
Kirghiz: Австралия чумкугучу
Scientific: Anas elapsa, Aythya australis, Aythya australis australis, Aythya reclusa, Nettion elapsum, Nyroca australis, Nyroca australis lebeboeri, Nyroca nyroca dampieri, Nyroca reclusa, Nyroca reperta
Lithuanian: Australinė šalminė antis
Maori: Karakahia
Dutch: Australische Witoogeend
Norwegian Nynorsk: Australdykkand
Norwegian: Australdykkand
Polish: podgorzalka australijska, podgorzałka australijska
Portuguese: Zarro-australiano
Portuguese (Portugal): Zarro-australiano
Russian: Австралийский нырок
Slovak: Chochlačka hnedastá
Serbian: Australijska patka njorka, Australijska patka ronilica
Swedish: Australisk dykand
Turkish: Ak Gözlü Patka, Avustralya patkası
Tatar: Австралия чумгалагы
Ukrainian: Чернь австралійська
Chinese: 澳洲潜鸭
Chinese (Traditional): 澳洲潛鴨

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