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California Towhee

Melozone crissalis (Vigors, NA 1839)

The California towhee is a bird of the family Passerellidae, native to the coastal regions of western Oregon and California in the United States and Baja California Sur in Mexico. Source: Wikipedia




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Classification
Order:
  Passeriformes
Family:
  Passerellidae
Genus:
   Melozone
Scientific:
  Melozone crissalis


Original description

Citation:
  (Vigors, NA 1839)

Reference:
   Zool. Capt. Beechey's Voy.

Protonym:
  Fringilla crissalis

Type locality:
  no locality ; type from Monterey, Monterey County, California, fide Sharpe, 1888, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 3, p. 754.

Link:
  https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/87193#page/51/mode/1up


Avibase identifiers

Avibase ID:
  B745D852493D59B9

Avibase ID:
  avibase-B745D852

Short link:
  https://avibase.ca/B745D852


Taxonomic Serial Number:
  TSN: 997738

Geographic range:

  • Melozone crissalis: south-central Oregon through western and central California to southern Baja California
  • Melozone crissalis [crissalis, bullata, carolae or eremophila]: semiarid southwestern Oregon to coastal central, interior, and east-central California
  • Melozone crissalis petulans: coastal northern California (Humboldt County to Santa Cruz County)
  • Melozone crissalis senicula: coastal southern California (Los Angeles County) and northwestern Baja California
  • Melozone crissalis aripolia: central Baja California (latitude 29°N to 26°30'N)
  • Melozone crissalis albigula: Cape district of southern Baja California
  • Show more...
English:
California Towhee
Catalan:
toquí de Califòrnia
Czech:
pipilo kalifornský
Danish:
Californisk Buskspurv
German:
Kaliforniengrundammer
Spanish:
Toquí Californiano
Spanish (Spain):
Toquí Californiano
Finnish:
kalifornianpipilo
French:
Tohi de Californie
Croatian:
pepeljasti strnadar
Icelandic:
Brúntittlingur
Italian:
Touì della California
Japanese (romaji):
kariforuniamujitouhichou
Japanese:
カリフォルニアムジトウヒチョウ
Lithuanian:
Kaliforninė melozona
Dutch:
Californische Towie
Norwegian Nynorsk:
Kaliforniatovi
Norwegian:
Kaliforniatovi
Polish:
ziemnołuszcz kalifornijski
Portuguese:
toqui-da-califórnia
Portuguese (Portugal):
toqui-da-califórnia
Russian:
Калифорнийский тохи
Slovak:
strnádlik kalifornský
Serbian:
Kalifornijski pipilo
Swedish:
kalifornisk snårsparv
Ukrainian:
Тауї каліфорнійський
Chinese:
加州唧鹀
Chinese (Traditional):
加利福尼亞鵖鵐


Authorities recognizing this taxonomic concept:

American Ornithologists' Union 2nd edition (incl. 14th suppl.):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 2nd edition (incl. 15th suppl.):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 3rd edition (1910):
Californian Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 3rd edition (incl. 16th suppl.):
Californian Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 3rd edition (incl. 17th suppl.):
Californian Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 3rd edition (incl. 18th suppl.):
Californian Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 6th edition (incl. 37th suppl.):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 6th edition (incl. 38th suppl.):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 6th edition (incl. 39th suppl.):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 6th edition (incl. 40th suppl.):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 6th edition (incl. 41st suppl.):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (1998):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 42nd suppl.):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 43rd suppl.):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 44th suppl.):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 45th suppl.):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 46th suppl.):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 47th suppl.):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 48th suppl.):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 49th suppl.):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 50th suppl.):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 51st suppl.):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 52nd suppl.):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 53rd suppl.):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 54th suppl.):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 55th suppl.):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 56th suppl.):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 57th suppl.):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Society 7th edition (incl. 58th suppl.):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Society 7th edition (incl. 59th suppl.):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Society 7th edition (incl. 60th suppl.):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Society 7th edition (incl. 61st suppl.):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Society 7th edition (incl. 61st suppl. and addendum):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Society 7th edition (incl. 62nd suppl.):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Society 7th edition (incl. 63rd suppl.):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Society 7th edition (incl. 64th suppl.):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Society 7th edition (incl. 65th suppl.):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts (current):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 2023 (May 2023):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 2024 (Oct 2024):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 01 (August 2013):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 02 (May 2014):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 03 (March 2015):
California Towhee ( Kieneria crissalis) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 04 (Aug 2016):
California Towhee ( Kieneria crissalis) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 05 (Jan 2017):
California Towhee ( Kieneria crissalis) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 06 (Feb 2018):
California Towhee ( Kieneria crissalis) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 07 (Feb 2020):
California Towhee ( Kieneria crissalis) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 08 (Feb 2021):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 00:
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 01:
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 02:
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 03:
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 04:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 05 (Jun 2012):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 05.1 (Oct 2012):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 06 (Nov 2013):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 06.1 (Feb 2014):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 07 (Jul 2014):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 08 (Oct 2015):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 09 (Dec 2016):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 09.1 (Jun 2017):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v2 (Dec 2017):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v3 (Nov 2018):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v4 (Dec 2019):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v5 (Dec 2020):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v6 (Dec 2021):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v6b (Jul 2022):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v7 (Dec 2022):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v8 (Dec 2023):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v9 (Oct 2024):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
Commission internationale pour les noms français des oiseaux (1993, révision 2009):
Tohi de Californie ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
Commission internationale pour les noms français des oiseaux (1993):
Tohi de Californie ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
Clements, version 2021:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
Clements, version 2022:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
Clements, version 2023:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
Clements, version 2024:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
Clements 4th edition:
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
Clements 5th edition (as published):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2000 revisions):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2001 revisions):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2002 revisions):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2003 revisions):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2004 revisions):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2005 revisions):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition:
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (incl. 2007 revisions):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (incl. 2008 revisions):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (incl. 2009 revisions):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (version 6.5 incl. 2010 revisions):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (version 6.6 incl. 2011 revisions):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (version 6.7 incl. 2012 revisions):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (version 6.8 incl. 2013 revisions):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (version 6.9 incl. 2014 revisions):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
Clements, version 2015:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
Clements, version 2016:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
Clements, version 2017:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
Clements, version 2018:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
Clements, version 2019:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
eBird version 1.50:
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
eBird version 1.52:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
eBird version 1.53:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
eBird version 1.54:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
eBird version 1.55:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
eBird version 2015:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
eBird version 2016:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
eBird version 2017:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
eBird version 2018:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
eBird version 2019:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
eBird version 2021:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
eBird version 2022:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
eBird version 2023:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
eBird version 2024:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 2nd edition (incl. ? suppl):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (as published):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 1.2):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 2.1):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 3.1):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 4):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 5):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 6):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 7):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 8):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 4th edition (vol. 1-2):
California Towhee ( Kieneria crissalis) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 4th edition (incl. corrigenda vol.1-2):
California Towhee ( Kieneria crissalis) [version 1]
Handbook of the Birds of the World (vol 1-16):
California Towhee ( Pyrgisoma crissale) [version 1]
Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (31/01/2015):
California Towhee ( Pyrgisoma crissale) [version 1]
Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (03/07/2017):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
Handbook of the Birds of the World and Birdlife (Dec 2017):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
Handbook of the Birds of the World and Birdlife (Dec 2018):
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 1.0:
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 1.1:
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 1.5:
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 1.6:
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 1.7:
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.0:
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.1:
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.2:
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.3:
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.4:
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.5:
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.6:
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.7:
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.8:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.9:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.10:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.11:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 3.1:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 3.2:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 3.3:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 3.4:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 3.5:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 4.1:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 4.2:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 4.3:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 4.4:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 5.1:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 5.2:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 5.3:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 5.4:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 6.1:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 6.2:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 6.3:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 6.4:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 7.1:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 7.2:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 7.3:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 8.1:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 8.2:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 9.1:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 9.2:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 10.1:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 10.2:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 11.1:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 11.2:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 12.1:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 12.2:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 13.1:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 13.2:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 14.1:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 14.2:
California Towhee ( Melozone crissalis) [version 1]
Morony, Bock and Farrand:
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
Oriental Bird Club:
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis)
Sibley and Monroe (1993):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
Sibley and Monroe (1993, including corrections up to 1998):
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
Sibley and Monroe, Birds of the World Version 2.0:
California Towhee ( Pipilo crissalis) [version 1]
Zoonomen - Zoological Nomenclature Resource:
Pipilo crissalis [version 1]
Zoonomen - Zoological Nomenclature Resource:
Melozone crissalis [version 1]

Taxonomic status:

Species status: full species (sometimes a subspecies)

This taxon is considered a subspecies of Melozone [fusca or crissalis] (sensu lato) by some authors

Your sightings

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Related taxa

Highlight taxa in a checklist (shown in red)

Other related concepts

Other synonyms

See also the taxonomic synonyms table.


Catalan: toquí de Califòrnia
Czech: pipilo kalifornský
Danish: Californisk Buskspurv
German: Kaliforniengrundammer
English: Brown Towhee, California Towhee, Californian Towhee, Canyon Towhee
English, HBW: California Towhee
English (IOC): California Towhee
English (United States): California Towhee
Esperanto: Kalifornia pipilo
Spanish: Rascador Californiano, Rascador de California, Rascador pardo, Toqui californiano, Toquí Californiano
Spanish (Spain): Toquí Californiano
Spanish (HBW): California Towhee
Spanish (Mexico): Rascador Californiano, Rascador pardo, toquí californiano
Estonian: kalifornia maasidrik
Finnish: kalifornianpipilo
French: Tohi de Californie
Croatian: pepeljasti strnadar
Icelandic: Brúntittlingur
Italian: Touì della California
Japanese (romaji): kariforuniamujitouhichou
Japanese: カリフォルニアムジトウヒチョウ
Scientific: Aimophila crissalis, Fringilla crissalis, Kieneria crissalis, Kieneria crissalis crissalis, Melozone crissalis, Melozone crissalis crissalis, Pipilo crissalis, Pipilo fuscus crissalis, Pyrgisoma crissale
Lithuanian: Kaliforninė melozona
Latvian: Kalifornijas stērste
Dutch: Californische Towie
Norwegian Nynorsk: Kaliforniatovi
Norwegian: Kaliforniatovi
Polish: pipil kalifornijski, ziemnołuszcz kalifornijski
Portuguese: toqui-da-califórnia
Portuguese (Portugal): toqui-da-califórnia
Russian: Калифорнийский тауи, Калифорнийский тоухи, Калифорнийский тохи
Slovak: strnádlik kalifornský
Serbian: Kalifornijski pipilo
Swedish: Kalifornisk busksparv, kalifornisk snårsparv
Turkish: Kaliforniya tovisi
Ukrainian: Тауї каліфорнійський
Chinese: 加州唧鹀
Chinese (Traditional): 加利福尼亞鵖鵐

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