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Black-casqued Hornbill
Ceratogymna atrata (Temminck, CJ 1835)
Related taxa:
Species distribution
Geographical range
Value: Resident, forest: isolated populations in West Africa; all of central Congo forest.
Source: africanbirdclub.org
Value: Patchily distributed forests of w and central Africa; Bioko I.
Source: Clements 2021
Value: Lowland forests from Liberia to Cameroon, thence eastward across the Belgian Congo to the Niam Niam country and the Semliki Valley, south to the Cuanza River in Angola and the Lulua district of the Congo; Island of Fernando Po.
Source: Peter's Checklist of the Birds of the World
Value: patchily distributed forest of western and central Africa; Bioko Island
Source: Avilist 2025
Value: patchily distributed forest of western and central Africa; Bioko Island
Source: Clements, version 2024
Maximum latitude of breeding range
Value: 8.7
Units: degrees
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Minimum latitude of breeding range
Value: -9.38
Units: degrees
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Centroid latitude
Value: 0.31
Units: degrees
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Value: 0.31
Units: degrees
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Centroid longitude
Value: 16.37
Units: degrees
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Nomadic, erratic, irruptive, wandering
Value: 1: Yes
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Breeding restricted to island(s)
Value: 0
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Latitudinal range
Value: Tropical
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Migration strategy
Value: Not a Migrant
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Value: Sedentary
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Total range size
Value: 2282542.36
Units: km2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Value: 5280000
Units: km2
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Value: > 50000
Units: km2
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Realm
Value: Afrotropical
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Value: Afrotropic
Source: Pigot et al. 2020
Range and population size
Has restricted range?
Value: N
Source: Birdlife's Worldbird Database
Habitat
Altitude
Value:
Range: 0 - 1500
Units: m
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Value:
Range: 0 - 1500
Units: m
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Altitude range
Value: 1500
Units: m
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Number of major habitats used
Value: 2
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Habitat density (1-3)
Value: Dense habitats
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Habitat description
Value: Forest
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Value: FOREST
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Value: Freshwater
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Primary lifestyle
Value: DIURNAL
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Value: Terrestrial
Source: Bird et al. 2020
First habitat
Value: F: Forest, secondary forest, swamp forest, tree-fall gaps, taiga, igapo, varzea
Units: rank
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Second habitat
Value: A: Artificial, agricultural, farms, plantations, suburban, quarry, mine, excavation, dams and man-made lakes
Units: rank
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Food and feeding habits
Number of major food types consumed
Value: 2
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Source used for diet data
Value: 1
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Main food source
Value: Fruit
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Value: FruiNect
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Ecological Specialization Index
Value: 1.39794
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Foraging niche
Value: Fugivore glean
Source: Pigot et al. 2020
Trophic level
Value: Herbivore
Source: Pigot et al. 2020
Value: Herbivore
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Trophic niche
Value: Frugivore
Source: Pigot et al. 2020
Value: Frugivore
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Weight of fish in diet
Value: 0
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of fruits in diet
Value: 9
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of invertebrates in diet
Value: 1
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of land vertebrates in diet
Value: Trace
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of miscellaneous in diet
Value: Trace
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of nectar in diet
Value: 0
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of plant material in diet
Value: 0
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of scavenging in diet
Value: 0
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Weight of seeds in diet
Value: 0
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Sum of the weighted diets
Value: 10
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Body measurements
Bill depth (females)
Value: 4.12
Range: 3.85 - 4.39
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill depth (males)
Value: 4.47
Range: 4.27 - 4.67
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill depth (sex unknown)
Value: 4.295
Range: 3.85 - 4.67
Units: cm
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill length (females) - Culmen
Value: 14.2866
Range: 13.2 - 15.033
Units: cm
Sample: 5
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Value: 14.5
Units: cm
Sample: 30
Source: Lisleland et al. 2007
Bill length (males) - Culmen
Value: 17.203
Range: 15.7 - 18.512
Units: cm
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Value: 18.6
Units: cm
Sample: 22
Source: Lisleland et al. 2007
Bill length (females) - Nares to tip
Value: 11.48
Range: 11.12 - 11.84
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill length (males) - Nares to tip
Value: 13.125
Range: 13.1 - 13.15
Units: cm
Sample: 2
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill length (sex unknown) - Nares to tip
Value: 12.3025
Range: 11.12 - 13.15
Units: cm
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill length (sex unknown) - Culmen
Value: 15.5828
Range: 13.2 - 18.512
Units: cm
Sample: 9
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill width (females)
Value: 3.91233
Range: 3.72 - 4.12
Units: cm
Sample: 3
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill width (males)
Value: 4.182
Range: 4.1 - 4.23
Units: cm
Sample: 3
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Bill width (sex unknown)
Value: 4.04717
Range: 3.72 - 4.23
Units: cm
Sample: 6
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Body mass
Value: 1194.79
Units: g
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Value: 1203.5
Range: 1044.5 - 1600
Units: g
Source: Myhrvold et al. 2015
Value: 1189.5
Units: g
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Value: 1194.79
Units: grams
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Body mass (females)
Value:
Range: 907 - 1182
Units: g
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Value: 1059
Range: 1044.5 - 1059
Units: g
Source: Myhrvold et al. 2015
Value: 1059
Units: grams
Sample: 3
Source: Lisleland et al. 2007
Body mass (males)
Value: 1334.5
Range: 1264 - 1348
Units: g
Source: Myhrvold et al. 2015
Value: 1264
Units: grams
Sample: 3
Source: Lisleland et al. 2007
Value:
Range: 1069 - 1600
Units: g
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Tail length (females)
Value: 27
Units: cm
Sample: 30
Source: Lisleland et al. 2007
Value: 24.44
Range: 17 - 29.8
Units: cm
Sample: 5
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Tail length (males)
Value: 30.6
Units: cm
Sample: 23
Source: Lisleland et al. 2007
Value: 27.125
Range: 14 - 32
Units: cm
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Tail length (sex unknown)
Value: 25.6333
Range: 14 - 32
Units: cm
Sample: 9
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Tarsus length (females)
Value: 4.7
Units: cm
Sample: 34
Source: Lisleland et al. 2007
Value: 5.812
Range: 4.8 - 7.28
Units: cm
Sample: 5
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Tarsus length (males)
Value: 5.3
Units: cm
Sample: 22
Source: Lisleland et al. 2007
Value: 5.737
Range: 4.7 - 6.67
Units: cm
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Tarsus length (sex unknown)
Value: 5.77867
Range: 4.7 - 7.28
Units: cm
Sample: 9
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Wing length (females)
Value: 35.4
Units: cm
Sample: 34
Source: Lisleland et al. 2007
Value: 36.62
Range: 33.2 - 40.5
Units: cm
Sample: 5
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Hand-Wing Index (females)
Value: 303.925
Range: 274.9 - 341
Units: %
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Hand-Wing Index (males)
Value: 315.267
Range: 290.5 - 331
Units: %
Sample: 3
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Hand-Wing Index (unknown)
Value: 308.786
Range: 274.9 - 341
Units: %
Sample: 7
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Kipps distance (females)
Value: 6.2325
Range: 5.3 - 7.52
Units: cm
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Kipps distance (males)
Value: 6.90667
Range: 6.4 - 7.25
Units: cm
Sample: 3
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Kipps distance (unknown)
Value: 6.52143
Range: 5.3 - 7.52
Units: cm
Sample: 7
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Wing length (males)
Value: 39.5
Units: cm
Sample: 27
Source: Lisleland et al. 2007
Value: 38.225
Range: 36.3 - 39.5
Units: cm
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Wing length (females) - secondary1
Value: 30.3925
Range: 27.49 - 34.1
Units: cm
Sample: 4
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Wing length (males) - secondary1
Value: 31.5267
Range: 29.05 - 33.1
Units: cm
Sample: 3
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Wing length (unknown) - secondary1
Value: 30.8786
Range: 27.49 - 34.1
Units: cm
Sample: 7
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Wing length (sex unknown)
Value: 37.3333
Range: 33.2 - 40.5
Units: cm
Sample: 9
Source: Tobias et al. 2021
Nest characteristics
Description of physical nest (shape, etc.)
Value: cavity (tree)
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Eggs
Egg mass
Value: 44.7
Units: grams
Source: Lisleland et al. 2007
Value: 44.7
Range: 44.7 - 44.7
Units: g
Source: Myhrvold et al. 2015
Reproduction
Age at first breeding
Value: 2.953846635
Units: years
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Clutch size
Value: 1.5
Units: n
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Value:
Range: 1 - 2
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Value: 1.45
Range: 1.4 - 1.5
Units: n
Source: Myhrvold et al. 2015
Value: 1.5
Source: Lisleland et al. 2007
Colonial species
Value: 0: No
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Sex of bird sitting on eggs/nest
Value: Female
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Leks
Value: 0: No
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
How nests are connected to supporting objects
Value: Basal
Source: Chia et al. 2023
Location where nests are constructed
Value: Tree
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Value: Tree
Source: Chia et al. 2023
Nest has an 'artificial' location
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has an 'earth hole' location
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'ground' location
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'rock' location
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'tree hole' location
Value: yes
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'vegetation' location
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'water' location
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest structure
Value: Second Cavity
Source: Chia et al. 2023
Nest has a 'cavity' structure
Value: yes
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'clearing' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'cup' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'dome' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'dome-and-tube' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has an 'excavation' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'excavation-with-nest' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'mound' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'none' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'platform' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'ring' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Nest has a 'scrape' structure
Value: no
Source: Sheard et al. 2024
Parasitic breeding
Value: False
Source: Chia et al. 2023
Value: 0: false
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Host of parasitic breeding
Value: 0: false
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Survival
Adult annual survival rate
Value: 0.855084298
Units: annual rate
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Average generation length (years)
Value: 7.711061478
Range: 7.083715746 - 8.854410109
Units: years
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Value: 7.9
Units: years
Source: Birdlife 2024
Maximum age
Value: 20.45513581
Units: years
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Value: 19.3
Units: years
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Value: 19.3
Range: 19.3 - 19.3
Units: years
Source: Myhrvold et al. 2015
Average survival
Value: 19.3
Units: years
Source: Myhrvold et al. 2015
Population decline over 10 years
Value: 2%
Range: 0% - 5%
Units: percent
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Population decline over 3 generation
Value: 5%
Range: 0% - 10%
Units: percent
Source: Bird et al. 2020
Social behaviour
Pairs and family groups
Value: 1: Yes
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Social flocks
Value: 0: No
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Pairs and family groups
Value: 0: No
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Solitary
Value: 0: No
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
Behaviour
Inability to fly
Value: No
Source: Sekercioglu et al. 2025
References
- AviList Core Team. 2025. AviList: The Global Avian Checklist, v2025. https://doi.org/10.2173/avilist.v2025 https://www.avilist.org/checklist/v2025/
- Bird, Jeremy & Martin, Robert & Akcakaya, H. Resit & Gilroy, James & Burfield, Ian & Garnett, Stephen & Symes, Andy & Taylor, Joe & Sekercioglu, Cagan & Butchart, Stuart. (2020). Generation lengths of the world's birds and their implications for extinction risk. Conservation Biology. 34. 10.1111/cobi.13486. https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cobi.13486
- BirdLife International. 2024. Generation lengths of the world's birds. Version 2 (November 2020). Available from https://datazone.birdlife.org https://datazone.birdlife.org//species/genlength
- Birdlife. 2005. Worldbird Database.
- Catherine Sheard, Sally E. Street, Susan D. Healy, Camille A. Troisi, Andrew D. Clark, Antonia Yovcheva, Alexis Trébaol, Karina Vanadzina, Kevin N. Lala. 2024. Nest traits for the world's birds. Global Ecology and Biogeography 33(2):206-214. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/geb.13783
- Chia, Stephanie Yuan, Yi-Ting Fang, Yi-Ting Su, Pei-Yu Tsai, Chia Hsieh, Shu-Han Tsao, Jia-Yang Juang, Chih-Ming Hung, and Mao-Ning Tuanmu. 2023. “A Global Database of Bird Nest Traits.” Scientific Data 10 (1): 923. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02837-1. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-023-02837-1
- Clements, J. F., P. C. Rasmussen, T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, A. Spencer, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, M. Smith, and C. L. Wood. 2024. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2024. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2021. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Lislevand T, Figuerola J, Székely T. 2007. Avian body sizes in relation to fecundity, mating system, display behavior, and resource sharing. Ecology 88:1605. https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1890/06-2054
- P. Myhrvold, Nathan; Baldridge, Elita; Chan, Benjamin; Sivam, Dhileep; L. Freeman, Daniel; Ernest, S. K. Morgan (2016): An amniote life-history database to perform comparative analyses with birds, mammals, and reptiles. Wiley. Collection. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3308127.v1 https://figshare.com/collections/An_amniote_life-history_database_to_perform_comparative_analyses_with_birds_mammals_and_reptiles/3308127
- Peter Lack. 2008. African Bird Club List of African Birds. http://africanbirdclub.org/resources/checklist.html
- Peters, J. L. 1931-1987. Check-list of Birds of the World. 15 vols. + Index. Harvard Press. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/14581
- Pigot, A.L., Sheard, C., Miller, E.T. et al. Macroevolutionary convergence connects morphological form to ecological function in birds. Nat Ecol Evol 4, 230–239 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-1070-4
- Şekercioğlu, Ç.H., Kittelberger, K.D., Mota, F.M.M. et al. BIRDBASE: A Global Dataset of Avian Biogeography, Conservation, Ecology and Life History Traits. Sci Data 12, 1558 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05615-3
- Tobias, J. et al. 2022. AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds. Ecology Letters. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13898 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ele.13898
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