bird-seen:yes

playback-used:yes

Humid forest. Krabbe (2008) cut 2. Tape reference: A 645-649, 652-658.

bird-seen:no

playback-used:yes

bird-seen:yes

playback-used:yes

bird-seen:yes

playback-used:yes

Grabado por Juan Pablo Culasso www.jpculasso.net

Understory secondary forest.

bird-seen:yes

playback-used:no

On August 11 2017, during a field trip to Drácula Reserve in Cerro Oscuro, owned by Ecominga Foundation, located in the Rio Blanco stream (0,923295°N, 78,203757°W at 1200 m), the species was found at approximately 3,5 km south of El Chical town, in Tulcán, northwestern Carchi province. We walked around 4,5 km following Rio Blanco stream and the mountain forest where we recurrently surveyed the potential suitable habitat of the presence of the species. Focused observations with binoculars were made and also the use of playback, consisting of playing the species’ song for around 60 seconds, to incite a response. The first record was made at 07h49 where an individual of Malacoptila mystacalis flew around the observers and perched in an exposed branch of midcanopy. Later, another individual further away was heard making calls from a stationary place during a few seconds. The observation of the bird was in a secondary riparian mountain forest with scarce vegetation and thin undergrowth around 4 m away from the Rio Blanco stream. The bird was completely motionless for around 1,5 hours, allowing us to observe him, take pictures and make a video. At the same time, we saw important bird characteristic of topography and plumage coloration. During this time, it didn’t engage with it congener or another different species; only emitted a high frequency vocalization that was difficult to record. Finally, the bird moved around doing short flights to the upper steep mountain forest. The study revealed that the carefully use of playback on M. mystacalis is a reliable method to detect this species because it reacts to playback. A second record of the species was made in the same reserve at 12h35 in a trail in the upper mountain forest remnant, where an individual was seen moving in a shorter flight following a Squirrel Cuckoo (Piaya cayana) staying in a lower perch in the undergrowth, around 1 m away from the ground. The structure of the vegetation of mountain forest was a mature forest distant of water bodies, with minimal evidence of human impact and dense vegetation at around 1400 m. A second individual was heard closely to the first bird. It was observed as well doing short roundtrip flights from the same perch trying to catch insects. The places of the two records were separated by 250 linear meters. The chant was recorded using a Sennheiser ME 66 - K6 microphone and a Sony TCM - 5000 EV cassette recorder. Then the sounds were filtered and scanned. The intervals do not correspond to the exact times of the song of a species.

bird-seen:yes

playback-used:yes

partial.

bird-seen:yes

playback-used:yes

First 135 s natural, rest after playback. Humid forest. Krabbe (2008) cut 1. Tape reference: A 207-234, -251.

bird-seen:no

playback-used:yes

bird-seen:yes

playback-used:no

bird-seen:yes

playback-used:yes