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Benvinguda Convidat
pardal gris
Passer griseus (Vieillot, LJP 1817)
The northern grey-headed sparrow, also known as the grey-headed sparrow, is a species of bird in the sparrow family Passeridae, which is resident in much of tropical Africa. It occurs in a wide range of open habitats, including open woodlands and human habitation, often occupying the same niche as the house sparrow does in Eurasia. Source: Wikipedia
Fotografia extreta de flickr.com.
Passeriformes
Família:
Passeridae
Gènere:
Passer
Nom científic:
Passer griseus
Classificació
Ordre:Passeriformes
Família:
Passeridae
Gènere:
Passer
Nom científic:
Passer griseus
Descripció original
Cita:
(Vieillot, LJP 1817)
Referència:
Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat. nouv. éd.
12 p.198
Protònim:
Fringilla grisea
Tipus localitat:
United States [error = Senegal (Lafresnaye, 1839, Rev. Zool., p. 95)].
Enllaç:
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/60160#page/212/mode/1up
Identificadors d'Avibase
Avibase ID:
E10D08098750A22D
Avibase ID:
avibase-E10D0809
Enllaç curt:
https://avibase.ca/E10D0809
Número de sèrie taxonòmic:
TSN: 561879
Gamma geogràfica:
- Passer griseus: lowland and foothill grassland, savanna, and villages from southern Mauritania and Senegal eastward across the Sahel to central Sudan, eastern Eritrea, and eastern Ethiopia, and southward to northern Namibia, northern Botswana, northwestern Zimbabwe, and northern Mozambique, also Bioko (Gulf of Guinea); confusion with P. diffusus affects range limits in Tanzania
- Passer griseus griseus: southern Mauritania and Senegal to Cameroon, western Central African Republic, and southern Chad, southward to northern Gabon
- Passer griseus ugandae: eastern Sudan, Eritrea and northwestern Ethiopia southward to southern Gabon, Angola, northern Namibia, northern Zimbabwe, Malawi, and central Tanzania
- Passer griseus laeneni: Mali to far northern Cameroon and west-central Sudan
Grey-headed Sparrow
Afrikaans:
Witkeelmossie
Àzeri:
bozbaş sərçə
Búlgar:
Белогърло врабче
Català:
pardal gris
Txec:
vrabec šedohlavý
Danès:
Gråhovedet Spurv
Alemany:
Graukopfsperling
Grec:
Σταχτoσπoυργίτης
Esperanto:
grizkapa pasero
Espanyol:
Gorrión Gris
Spanish (Spain):
Gorrión gris
Estonià:
hallvarblane
Finès:
tuhkavarpunen
Francès:
Moineau gris
Hebreu:
דרור אפור-ראש
Croat:
sivoglavi vrabac
Hongarès:
szürkefejű veréb
Italià:
Passera testagrigia settentrionale
Japonès:
haigashirasuzume
japonès:
ハイガシラスズメ
Lituà:
Pilkagalvis žvirblis
Letó:
Pelēkgalvas zvirbulis
Holandès:
Grijskopmus
Noruec:
Landsbysporv
Noruec:
Landsbyspurv
Polonès:
wróbel siwogłowy
Portuguès:
pardal-de-cabeça-cinzenta
Portuguese (Portugal):
pardal-de-cabeça-cinzenta
Romanès:
Vrabie sură
Rus:
Сероголовый воробей
Eslovac:
vrabec sivohlavý
Eslovè:
Sivoglavi vrabec
Serbi:
Sivoglavi vrabac
Suec:
bysparv
Turc:
Kuzeyli bozbaş serçe
Ucraïnès:
Горобець сіроголовий
Xinès:
灰头麻雀
Chinese (Traditional):
灰頭麻雀
Autoritats que reconeixen el concept taxonòmic:
| African Bird Club Checklist 2004: Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| African Bird Club Checklist August 2005: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| African Bird Club Checklist March 2007: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| African Bird Club Checklist January 2008: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| African Bird Club Checklist May 2009: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| African Bird Club Checklist March 2010: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Avibase taxonomic concepts (current): Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 2023 (May 2023): Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 2024 (Oct 2024): Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 2025 (Nov 2025): Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 01 (August 2013): Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 02 (May 2014): Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 03 (March 2015): Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 04 (Aug 2016): Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 05 (Jan 2017): Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 06 (Feb 2018): Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 07 (Feb 2020): Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 08 (Feb 2021): Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Avilist 2025: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Birdlife checklist version 00: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Birdlife checklist version 01: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Birdlife checklist version 02: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Birdlife checklist version 03: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Birdlife checklist version 04: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Birdlife checklist version 05 (Jun 2012): Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Birdlife checklist version 05.1 (Oct 2012): Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Birdlife checklist version 06 (Nov 2013): Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Birdlife checklist version 06.1 (Feb 2014): Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Birdlife checklist version 07 (Jul 2014): Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Birdlife checklist version 08 (Oct 2015): Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Birdlife checklist version 09 (Dec 2016): Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Birdlife checklist version 09.1 (Jun 2017): Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v2 (Dec 2017): Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v3 (Nov 2018): Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v4 (Dec 2019): Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v5 (Dec 2020): Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v6 (Dec 2021): Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v6b (Jul 2022): Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v7 (Dec 2022): Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v8 (Dec 2023): Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v9 (Oct 2024): Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v10 (Oct 2025): Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Commission internationale pour les noms français des oiseaux (1993): Moineau gris ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Clements 1st edition: Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Clements, version 2021: Northern Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Clements, version 2022: Northern Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Clements, version 2023: Northern Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Clements, version 2024: Northern Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Clements, version 2025: Northern Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Clements 4th edition: Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Clements 5th edition (as published): Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Clements 5th edition (incl. 2000 revisions): Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Clements 5th edition (incl. 2001 revisions): Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Clements 5th edition (incl. 2002 revisions): Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Clements 5th edition (incl. 2003 revisions): Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Clements 5th edition (incl. 2004 revisions): Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Clements 5th edition (incl. 2005 revisions): Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Clements 6th edition: Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Clements 6th edition (incl. 2007 revisions): Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Clements 6th edition (incl. 2008 revisions): Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Clements 6th edition (incl. 2009 revisions): Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Clements 6th edition (version 6.5 incl. 2010 revisions): Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Clements 6th edition (version 6.6 incl. 2011 revisions): Northern Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Clements 6th edition (version 6.7 incl. 2012 revisions): Northern Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Clements 6th edition (version 6.8 incl. 2013 revisions): Northern Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Clements 6th edition (version 6.9 incl. 2014 revisions): Northern Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Clements, version 2015: Northern Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Clements, version 2016: Northern Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Clements, version 2017: Northern Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Clements, version 2018: Northern Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Clements, version 2019: Northern Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| eBird version 1.50: Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| eBird version 1.52: Northern Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| eBird version 1.53: Northern Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| eBird version 1.54: Northern Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| eBird version 1.55: Northern Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| eBird version 2015: Northern Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| eBird version 2016: Northern Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| eBird version 2017: Northern Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| eBird version 2018: Northern Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| eBird version 2019: Northern Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| eBird version 2021: Northern Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| eBird version 2022: Northern Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| eBird version 2023: Northern Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| eBird version 2024: Northern Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| eBird version 2025: Northern Gray-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Handbook of the Birds of the World (vol 1-16): Common Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (31/01/2015): Common Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (03/07/2017): Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Handbook of the Birds of the World and Birdlife (Dec 2017): Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Handbook of the Birds of the World and Birdlife (Dec 2018): Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 1.0: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 1.1: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 1.5: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 1.6: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 1.7: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 2.0: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 2.1: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 2.2: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 2.3: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 2.4: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 2.5: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 2.6: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 2.7: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 2.8: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 2.9: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 2.10: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 2.11: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 3.1: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 3.2: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 3.3: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 3.4: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 3.5: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 4.1: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 4.2: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 4.3: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 4.4: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 5.1: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 5.2: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 5.3: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 5.4: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 6.1: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 6.2: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 6.3: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 6.4: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 7.1: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 7.2: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 7.3: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 8.1: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 8.2: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 9.1: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 9.2: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 10.1: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 10.2: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 11.1: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 11.2: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 12.1: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 12.2: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 13.1: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 13.2: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 14.1: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 14.2: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 15.1: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| IOC World Bird Names, version 15.2: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Sibley and Monroe (1993): Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Sibley and Monroe (1993, including corrections up to 1998): Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Sibley and Monroe, Birds of the World Version 2.0: Grey-headed Sparrow ( Passer griseus) [version 1] |
| Zoonomen - Zoological Nomenclature Resource: Passer griseus [version 1] |
| Zoonomen - Zoological Nomenclature Resource: Passer griseus [version 1] |
Situació Taxonòmica:
Estatus de l'espècie: full species (sometimes nominal subspecies)
Aquest taxó es considera una subèspecie de
Passer [griseus, swainsonii, gongonensis or suahelicus]
(sensu lato) per alguns autors
Els vostres avistaments
Heu de tenir iniciat la sessió per veure els detalls d'observació. Per registrar-vos a myAvibase feu clic aquí .
Altres sinònims
Consulteu també la taula sinònims taxonòmics.
Afrikaans: Witkeelmossie, Witkeelmossie (Noordelike Gryskopmossie)
Àzeri: bozbaş sərçə
Bielorús: Шэрагаловы верабей
Búlgar: Белогърло врабче
Català: Pardal capgrís, pardal gris
Txec: Vrabec šedohlavý
Gallès: Golfan penllwyd
Danès: Gråhovedet Spurv
Alemany: Graukopfsperling
Grec: Σταχτoσπoυργίτης
Anglès: Common Grey-headed Sparrow, Gray headed Sparrow, Gray sparrow, Gray-headed Sparrow, Grey headed Sparrow, Grey sparrow, Grey-headed Sparrow, Northern Gray-headed Sparrow, Northern Grey-headed Sparrow, Somali Gray-headed Sparrow, Somali Grey-headed Sparrow, Sudan Gray-headed Sparrow, Sudan Grey-headed Sparrow, Uganda Gray-headed Sparrow, Uganda Grey-headed Sparrow
English (Avilist): Northern Gray-headed Sparrow
English, HBW: Northern Grey-headed Sparrow
English (IOC): Northern Grey-headed Sparrow
English (Kenya): Northern Gray-headed Sparrow, Northern Grey-headed Sparrow
English (United States): Northern Gray-headed Sparrow
Esperanto: Grizkapa pasero
Espanyol: Gorrión de Cabeza Gris, Gorrión Gris
Spanish (Spain): Gorrión gris
Spanish (HBW): Northern Gray-headed Sparrow
Estonià: hallvarblane
Finès: Tuhkavarpunen
Francès: Moineau à tête grise, Moineau gris
French (Guyane): Moineau gris
Frisó: Griiskopmosk
Irlandès: Gealbhan ceannliath
Gallec: Pardal cincento
Hebreu: דרור אפור-ראש
Croat: sivoglavi vrabac
Hongarès: szürkefejű veréb
Italià: Passera testagrigia, Passera testagrigia settentrionale, Passero testagrigia
Japonès: haigashirasuzume
japonès: ハイガシラスズメ
Mongolian, Halh: саарал толгойт боршувуу
científic: Fringilla grisea, Passer griseus, Passer griseus griseus
Lituà: Pilkagalvis žvirblis
Letó: Pelēkgalvas zvirbulis
Mongol: саарал толгойт боршувуу
Maltès: għasfur tal-bejt ta' sidru griż
Holandès: Grijskopmus
Noruec: Landsbysporv
Noruec: Afrikansk gråhodespurv, Landsbyspurv
Polonès: wróbel siwoglowy, wróbel siwogłowy
Portuguès: Pardal de cabeca cinzenta, pardal-de-cabeça-cinzenta
Portuguese (Angola): Pardal-de-cabeça-cinzenta-do-norte
Portuguese (Portugal): pardal-de-cabeça-cinzenta
Reto-romànic: Pasler dal chau grisch
Romanès: Vrabie sură
Rus: Сероголовый воробей
Northern Sami: Gávpotcihci
Eslovac: vrabec sivohlavý
Eslovè: Sivoglavi vrabec
Serbi: Sivoglavi vrabac
Suec: Bysparv
Suahili: Jurawa, Shomoro Jurawa, Shorewanda
Turc: Grikbaşlı serçe, Kuzeyli bozbaş serçe
Ucraïnès: Горобець сіроголовий
Kalmyk: буурл богшурһа
Xinès: 灰头麻雀
Chinese (Traditional): 灰頭麻雀
Avibase ha rebut 505.068.916 visites des del 24 de juny de 2003. © Denis Lepage | normes de confidencialitat La traducció i adaptació d'aquesta pàgina al català ha sigut realitzada per Joan Carles Fernández-Ordóñez
