Geographic range:

• Tyto alba alba: W and s Europe; w Canary Islands and North Africa
• Tyto alba guttata: Central Europe east to sw European USSR and ne Greece
• Tyto alba ernesti: Corsica and Sardinia
• Tyto alba erlangeri: Crete and Cyprus to sw Iran, ne Egypt and s Arabian Peninsula
• Tyto alba [affinis or hypermetra]: Sub-Saharan Africa, Zanzibar, Pemba, Madagascar, Comoros
• Tyto alba schmitzi: Madeira and Porto Santo I.
• Tyto alba gracilirostris: E Canary Islands (Fuerteventura, Lanzarote and Alegranza)
• Tyto alba poensis: Bioko (Gulf of Guinea)
• Tyto alba stertens: Indian subcontinent to n Sri Lanka, sw China and s Thailand
• Tyto alba thomensis: São Tomé (Gulf of Guinea)
• Tyto alba furcata: Cuba, Cayman Islands and Jamaica
• Tyto alba [pratincola or lucayana]: S Canada to n Mexico, Bermuda, Bahamas and Hispaniola
• Tyto alba [guatemalae or subandeana]: W Guatemala to Panama, Pearl Islands and Colombia
• Tyto alba bondi: Bay Islands off n Honduras (Roatán and Guanaja)
• Tyto alba hellmayri: Guianas to n Brazil, Margarita I., Trinidad and Tobago
• Tyto alba niveicauda: Isle of Pines (off Cuba)
• Tyto alba contempta: W Colombia to Venezuela, Ecuador and Peru
• Tyto alba [tuidara or zottae]: Brazil s of the Amazon to Tierra del Fuego and Falkland Is.
• Tyto alba bargei: Curaçao
• Tyto alba punctatissima: Galapagos Islands
• Tyto alba insularis: St. Vincent, Bequia, Union, Carriacou and Grenada
• Tyto alba nigrescens: Dominica (Lesser Antilles)
• Tyto javanica javanica: Malay Peninsula to Greater Sundas
• Tyto javanica sumbaensis: Sumba (Lesser Sundas)
• Tyto javanica delicatula: Timor to Australia, Solomon Is., Loyalty Is., and Samoa
• Tyto javanica interposita: N Vanuatu, Santa Cruz Islands and Banks Group
• Tyto javanica meeki: E New Guinea, Manam and Karkar islands
• Tyto javanica crassirostris: Tanga I. (Bismarck Archipelago)
• Tyto detorta: Cape Verde Islands
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