Votre nom d'usager:

Mot de passe:

Demeurer connecté

Entrez votre nom d'usager ou votre adresse e-mail et cliquez sur Envoyer rappel pour recevoir un rappel par e-mail.


Bienvenue invité

Ara rouge

Ara macao (Linnaeus, 1758)

The Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao) is a large, red, yellow and blue South American parrot, a member of a large group of Neotropical parrots called macaws. It is native to humid evergreen forests of tropical South America. Range extends from extreme south-eastern Mexico to Amazonian Peru, Bolivia and Brazil in lowlands up to 500 m (1,640 ft) (at least formerly) up to 1,000 m (3,281 ft). It has suffered from local extinction through habitat destruction and capture for the parrot trade, but locally it remains fairly common. Formerly it ranged north to southern Tamaulipas. It can still be found on the island of Coiba. It is the national bird of Honduras. Source: Wikipedia




(0 votes)
Photo par flickr.com .


Ordre:
  Psittaciformes
Famille:
  Psittacidae
Genre:
  Ara

scientifique:
  Ara macao

Citation:
  (Linnaeus, 1758)

Référence:
  Syst.Nat.ed.10 p.96

Protonyme:
  Psittacus Macao

Avibase ID:
  5B015EDA14786E2D

Lien court:
  https://avibase.ca/5B015EDA

Taxonomic Serial Number:
TSN: 177665

Geographic range:

  • Ara macao macao: Costa Rica to Colombia, the Guianas, Brazil, Peru and Bolivia
  • Ara macao cyanopterus: SE Mexico to Nicaragua
Source: Clements checklist
anglais:
Scarlet Macaw
catalan:
Guacamai roig d'ales grogues
tchèque:
ara arakanga
danois:
Lyserød Ara
allemand:
Scharlachara
espagnol:
Guacamayo Macao
Spanish (Spain):
Guacamayo Macao
finnois:
puna-ara
français:
Ara rouge
croate:
crveno-modra ara
hongrois:
sárgaszárnyú ara
islandais:
Rauðari
italien:
Ara scarlatta
japonais:
kongouinko
japonais:
コンゴウインコ
lituanien:
Raudonoji ara
néerlandais:
Geelvleugelara
norvégien nynorsk; nynorsk, norvégien:
Raudara
norvégien:
Rødara
polonais:
ara zóltoskrzydla
portugais:
Arara-canga
portugais (Brésil):
araracanga
russe:
Красный ара
slovaque:
ara arakanga
serbe:
Crvena ara
suédois:
röd ara
ukrainien:
Араканга
chinois:
金刚鹦鹉
Chinese (Traditional):
緋紅麥鷍

Autorités reconnaissant ce concept taxonomique:

American Ornithologists' Union 6th edition (1983):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 6th edition (incl. 35th suppl.):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 6th edition (incl. 36th suppl.):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 6th edition (incl. 37th suppl.):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 6th edition (incl. 38th suppl.):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 6th edition (incl. 39th suppl.):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 6th edition (incl. 40th suppl.):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 6th edition (incl. 41st suppl.):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (1998):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 42nd suppl.):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 43rd suppl.):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 44th suppl.):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 45th suppl.):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 46th suppl.):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 47th suppl.):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 48th suppl.):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 49th suppl.):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 50th suppl.):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 51st suppl.):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 52nd suppl.):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 53rd suppl.):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 54th suppl.):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 55th suppl.):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 56th suppl.):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 57th suppl.):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 58th suppl.):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 59th suppl.):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 60th suppl.):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
American Ornithologists' Union 7th edition (incl. 61st suppl.):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts (current):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 01 (August 2013):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 02 (May 2014):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 03 (March 2015):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 04 (Aug 2016):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 05 (Jan 2017):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 06 (Feb 2018):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Avibase taxonomic concepts v. 07 (Feb 2020):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 00:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 01:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 02:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 03:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 04:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 05 (Jun 2012):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 05.1 (Oct 2012):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 06 (Nov 2013):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 06.1 (Feb 2014):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 07 (Jul 2014):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 08 (Oct 2015):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 09 (Dec 2016):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Birdlife checklist version 09.1 (Jun 2017):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v2 (Dec 2017):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v3 (Nov 2018):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v4 (Dec 2019):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist v5 (Dec 2020):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Commission internationale pour les noms français des oiseaux (1993, révision 2009):
Ara rouge ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Commission internationale pour les noms français des oiseaux (1993):
Ara rouge ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Clements 1st edition:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Clements 3rd edition:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Clements 4th edition:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Clements 5th edition (as published):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2000 revisions):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2001 revisions):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2002 revisions):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2003 revisions):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2004 revisions):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Clements 5th edition (incl. 2005 revisions):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (incl. 2007 revisions):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (incl. 2008 revisions):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (incl. 2009 revisions):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (version 6.5 incl. 2010 revisions):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (version 6.6 incl. 2011 revisions):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (version 6.7 incl. 2012 revisions):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (version 6.8 incl. 2013 revisions):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Clements 6th edition (version 6.9 incl. 2014 revisions):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Clements, version 2015:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Clements, version 2016:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Clements, version 2017:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Clements, version 2018:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Clements, version 2019:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
eBird version 1.50:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
eBird version 1.52:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
eBird version 1.53:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
eBird version 1.54:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
eBird version 1.55:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
eBird version 2015:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
eBird version 2016:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
eBird version 2017:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
eBird version 2018:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
eBird version 2019:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 2nd edition:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 2nd edition (incl. ? suppl):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (as published):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 1.2):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 2.1):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 3.1):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 4):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 5):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 6):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 7):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 3rd edition (incl. corrigenda 8):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 4th edition (vol. 1-2):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Howard and Moore 4th edition (incl. corrigenda vol.1-2):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Handbook of the Birds of the World (vol 1-16):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (31/01/2015):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (03/07/2017):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Handbook of the Birds of the World and Birdlife (Dec 2017):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Handbook of the Birds of the World and Birdlife (Dec 2018):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 1.0:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 1.1:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 1.5:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 1.6:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 1.7:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.0:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.1:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.2:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.3:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.4:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.5:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.6:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.7:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.8:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.9:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.10:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 2.11:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 3.1:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 3.2:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 3.3:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 3.4:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 3.5:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 4.1:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 4.2:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 4.3:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 4.4:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 5.1:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 5.2:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 5.3:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 5.4:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 6.1:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 6.2:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 6.3:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 6.4:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 7.1:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 7.2:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 7.3:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 8.1:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 8.2:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 9.1:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 9.2:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 10.1:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 10.2:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
IOC World Bird Names, version 11.1:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Morony, Bock and Farrand:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
James Lee Peters (original):
Ara macao [version 1]
James Lee Peters (2nd edition):
Ara macao [version 1]
Sibley and Monroe (1993):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Sibley and Monroe (1993, including corrections up to 1998):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Sibley and Monroe 2nd edition (1996):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (24/10/2003):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (14/09/2005):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (16/07/2006):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (26/09/2007):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (01/05/2008):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (30/09/2009):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (19/08/2010):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (8/08/2011):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (8/02/2012):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (4/09/2012):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (17/03/2013):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (9/02/2014):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (16/02/2015):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (28/07/2016):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (22/04/2017):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (4/06/2018):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (6/06/2019):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (20/02/2020):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
South American Classification Committee (8/06/2020):
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Working Group Avian Checklists, version 0.01:
Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao) [version 1]
Zoonomen - Zoological Nomenclature Resource:
Ara macao [version 1]
Zoonomen - Zoological Nomenclature Resource:
Ara macao [version 1]

Statut taxinomique:

Statut de l'espèce: full species

Ce taxon est considéré comme une sous-espèce de Ara [macao or chloropterus] (sensu lato) par certains auteurs

Vos observations

Vous devez être connecté pour voir les détails de vos observations. Pour vous inscrire à monAvibase cliquez ici.

Taxons apparentés

Highlight taxa in a checklist (shown in red)

Autres synonymes


arawak: Kâro
catalan: Guacamai roig d'ales grogues, Guacamai vermell
caribe: Kinoro
tchèque: Ara arakanga
danois: Lyserød Ara
allemand: Arakanga, Hellroter ara, HellroterAra, Scharlachara
Aukan: Dyaba
Emerillon: Alat
anglais: Red-and-yellow Macaw, Red-breasted Macaw, Red-yellow-and-blue Macaw, Scarled macaw, Scarlet Macaw
English (IOC): Scarlet Macaw
espagnol: Guacamaya Macao, Guacamaya Roja, Guacamayo Macao, Guacamayo Rojo, Guacamayo Rosado, Guara roja, Guara Roja = AVE NACIONAL, Lapa Roja
Spanish (Colombia): Guacamaya bandera, Guacamaya Macao
Spanish (Costa Rica): Guacamayo rojo, Lapa Roja
Spanish (Ecuador): Guacamayo Escarlata
Spanish (Spain): Guacamayo Macao
Spanish (HBW): Scarlet Macaw
Spanish (Honduras): Guara roja, Guara Roja = AVE NACIONAL
Spanish (Mexico): Guacamaya Roja
Spanish (Nicaragua): Guacamayo Rojo
Spanish (Panama): Guacamaya Roja
Spanish (Peru): Guacamayo Escarlata
Spanish (Puerto Rico): Guacamayo Rojo
Spanish (Venezuela): Guacamaya Bandera, Guacamayo Bandera
estonien: puna-aara (makao)
finnois: Puna-ara
français: Ara macao, Ara rouge
Guianese Creole French: Ara-rouj
irlandais: Macá scarlóideach
croate: crveno-modra ara
hongrois: sárgaszárnyú ara
islandais: Rauðari
italien: Ara rossa e gialla, Ara scarlatta
japonais: kongouinko
japonais: コンゴウインコ
Karipúna Creole French: Ara-rouge, Kinoro
scientifique: Ara macao, Ara macao macao, Psittacus Macao
lituanien: Raudonoji ara
Ndyuka-trio Pidgin: Akpansa
néerlandais: Geelvleugelara, Macao
norvégien nynorsk; nynorsk, norvégien: Raudara
norvégien: Gulvingerødara, Lyserød ara, Rødara
Wayampi: Alala
Palikúr: Kalu
polonais: ara zóltoskrzydla, Ara żółtoskrzydła
portugais: arara-boliviana, Araracanga, Arara-canga, arara-macau, arara-piranga, arara-vermelha, arara-vermelha-pequena, macau
portugais (Brésil): Arara Piranga, arara-boliviana, Araracanga, arara-canga, arara-macau, arara-piranga, arara-vermelha, arara-vermelha-pequena, macau
Portuguese (Portugal): Araracanga
russe: Красный ара
slovaque: Ara arakanga
serbe: Crvena ara
Saramaccan: Adjába, Alalá
Sranan: Bokrafru, Redirafru
suédois: Ljusröd ara, Röd ara
turc: Karmen Rengi Ara
ukrainien: Араканга
Wayana: Kunolo
chinois: 金刚鹦鹉
Chinese (Traditional): 緋紅麥鷍

Avibase a été visité 319 079 460 fois depuis le 24 juin 2003. © Denis Lepage | Politique de confidentialité